Pedestrian-detection research and pre-crash safety assessment predominantly represent upright pedestrians, although prone, supine, lateral, seated, crouched, kneeling, partially collapsed, and fall-transition states alter target geometry, visibility, sensor signatures, and intervention time. Cross-study comparison is further limited by inconsistent posture labels, data provenance, latency boundaries, uncertainty reporting, and vehicle-response assumptions. We developed NUP-REPORT 1.0 as a provisional reporting and benchmarking framework through a structured narrative synthesis of a 45-source derivation corpus covering epidemiology, sensing benchmarks, uncertainty and assurance methods, reporting-guideline methodology, and public safety protocols. A reconstructed decision ledger documented 46 candidate concepts: 30 were retained as checklist items, 10 were assigned to an extended descriptor set, and six were merged. Each retained item was mapped to supporting evidence and classified as universal core (n = 19), component-contingent core (n = 4), or conditional (n = 7). The framework comprises six domains, a scenario-coverage matrix, five non-overlapping event timestamps, detection-referenced stopping equations, and a 30-item checklist. A purposive feasibility audit of 20 publications, including the adjacent pedestrian-detection literature not designed specifically for non-upright evaluation, illustrated checklist use. Within this sample, target orientation and static-versus-transition state were each reported explicitly in five of 20 publications (25%); none of the 17 applicable papers reported both time-to-first-detection and detection distance, none evaluated confidence calibration, and none of the 20 reported independent-unit uncertainty intervals. Vehicle-response items were non-applicable to papers making no intervention claim. These observations are sample-specific and do not estimate field-wide reporting prevalence. NUP-REPORT is not a consensus standard, certification procedure, or safety score; it is a traceable Version 1.0 proposal for study design, retrospective audit, and stakeholder refinement.

This report describes unusually persistent transmission of norovirus in a hospitality setting in Victoria, Australia. In September 2023, the Victorian State Government Department of Health was notified of six gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with events held at a single function venue. Genomically identical norovirus genogroup II (GII) was detected from cases in five of the outbreaks. No statistically significant association with illness was found for any food item. Information collected through staff interviews provided evidence of food handlers and wait staff continuing to work while infectious, likely resulting in sustained transmission through person-to-person routes as well as through potential contamination of the environment.

Residual muscles after amputation experience mechanical unloading, loss of distal tendon insertion, and reduced excursion, conditions known to cause muscle degeneration. However, the architecture of residual muscles following amputation remains largely unreported. In this pilot, exploratory study, five healthy, skeletally mature, male New Zealand white rabbits underwent unilateral hind-paw ankle disarticulation. The contralateral intact limb served as the within-subject control. Six hindlimb muscles that cross the intact biological ankle were harvested bilaterally at four weeks post-amputation, and muscle mass, length, fiber length, pennation angle, sarcomere length, optimal fiber length (OFL), and physiologic cross-sectional area (PCSA) were measured. All statistical comparisons were based on raw, paired differences in values between sides. Muscle mass and OFL were, on average, lower on the residual side for all muscles; raw differences between sides were significant for mass of LG (p = 0.029) and FDS (p = 0.026) and for OFL of LG (p = 0.026). Based on percent difference between sides, degeneration was most severe in the soleus, which had 63 ± 26% less mass and 51 ± 40% lower optimal fiber length in the residual limb than in the intact contralateral limb. Despite lower mass, average PCSA was generally preserved or increased (though differences were not statistically significant) across all muscles except FDS; this was possibly attributable to disproportionately greater reductions in optimal fiber length than in mass. These results have important potential implications for prosthesis function and, therefore, motivate additional research to identify influential factors and evaluate clinical strategies for preserving residual muscle architecture.

Prospective evidence linking early-life microbiome development and host genetics with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk is limited. Here, we describe how gut microbiome maturation and host genetics influence T1D risk in the TEDDY study. We analysed 12,151 longitudinal metagenomes and host genetic data from 887 children at high genetic risk for T1D followed for up to 6 years. We identify three microbiome maturational patterns: Early Matured, Late Matured and Early Plateaued, driven primarily by non-linear changes in species from the Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus genera. The Early Matured pattern is enriched in galactose metabolism and exhibits higher production of aromatic amino acids and B-group vitamins at early follow-ups, whereas the Early Plateaued pattern has increased microbial production of branched-chain amino acids. Notably, the Early Plateaued pattern is associated with a threefold elevated risk of T1D, whereas other patterns are not associated with T1D risk. Furthermore, we find that host genetic variants related to antimicrobial and antiviral immune responses modify the association between the Late Matured pattern and T1D risk. These findings highlight the role of early microbial exposures and host genetics in T1D susceptibility.

Animals flexibly adjust their movements in real time to capture prey using environmental sensory cues. While sensorimotor transformations have been extensively studied in visual and somatosensory systems, their structure remains poorly understood in substrate-borne vibration sensing. Here, we combined high-resolution web vibration recordings, capable of resolving micrometer-scale displacements, with fine-scale behavioral tracking in the orb-weaving spider Uloborus diversus to investigate how vibration sensing guides prey capture. Using unsupervised modeling, we identified distinct behavioral states and their typical temporal sequence during capture. Predictive generalized linear models revealed reciprocal predator-prey dynamics: when Drosophila vibrations weakened, spiders often switched to actions such as crouching or shaking that enhanced signal detectability. These active phases were followed by static phases marked by increased pure fly-induced vibration power, consistent with an active sampling strategy. Conversely, flies tended to freeze during spider movement and struggled when the spider was still. Spiders also reliably oriented toward the web radius with the highest vibrational amplitude, indicating an amplitude-based strategy for prey localization. Together, our findings reveal a structured sensorimotor transformation linking external vibration cues to the spider's behavioral choices, forming a dynamic feedback loop between vibratory stimulus and movement. This work uncovers general principles of active sensing and closed-loop control in a non-visual invertebrate and suggests that similar strategies may underlie sensorimotor control across diverse animal systems.

Progressive pseudorheumatoid arthropathy of childhood (PPAC) is a rare autosomal recessive progressive condition that affects the cartilage of joints and bones. The symptoms of PPAC include stiffness of the joints, bony swelling of the toes and fingers, short stature, kyphosis, and muscle weakness. The radiologic manifestations are often mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and include platyspondyly, widened metaphyses, flattened epiphyses, and large femoral heads. The disease is caused by variants in the WISP3 (also known as CCN6) gene, which encodes a member of the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway (WISP) protein subfamily, which belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. We describe three affected female siblings in an Indian family with PPAC, all of whom manifest a severe phenotype of the disease. The girls all walked with a crouching gait from severe joint contractures. Radiographic findings included generalized periarticular osteopenia and widened metaphyses. The radiographs of the hands and feet showed similar changes with narrow joint spaces, widened metaphyses, and flattened epiphyses. Elbows and knees revealed gracile bones, and contractures with severe muscle atrophy. Spine films were significant for marked beaking, lumbar vertebrae anterior narrowing, irregular end plates and rotational scoliosis. X-rays of the hips revealed deformed femurs, coxa vara, and large flat epiphyses. All affected individuals were compound heterozygotes for two pathogenic variants in the WISP3/CCN6 gene, a novel nonsense variant (c.172A>T [p.Lys58*]) and a 2-base pair deletion (c.740_741delGT [p.Cys247Leufs*31]). This combination of a nonsense and frameshift variant has not previously been reported and may be the explanation for the severe clinical manifestation of PPAC in this family. Further investigation into the mechanism of the disease may provide promising therapies to modify disease progression.