The global ageing of the population has significantly increased the demand for long-term informal care, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although research on caregiver burden and coping strategies is extensive, limited attention has been paid to the temporal evolution of caregiving roles and their intersections with caregivers' life trajectories. This systematic review, conducted across literature published between 2004 and 2024, examines how the life course perspective has been applied in sociological research on family caregiving for people with AD, aiming to analyse the interplay between caregiving timing, biographical transitions, and socio-institutional contexts. The selected studies reveal that caregiving is not a static or homogeneous role but evolves across the life span, shaped by transitions, linked lives and structural conditions. Adopting a life course perspective enhances the understanding of caregiving as a dynamic and socially embedded process. This approach underscores the need for policies that are temporally sensitive, culturally reflexive and capable of supporting caregivers across different life stages.

Carotenoids are analytically challenging food constituents because their structural diversity, chemical instability, low abundance, and strong matrix dependence impose simultaneous demands on extraction selectivity, analyte preservation, chromatographic resolution, and detection sensitivity. This review critically evaluates recent advances in the pretreatment and analytical determination of carotenoids in food, with emphasis on the physicochemical and matrix-related factors governing method performance rather than on technique-by-technique description. Pretreatment strategies are examined in terms of extraction mechanisms, matrix compatibility, mass transfer, cleanup selectivity, analyte stability, and operational tradeoffs, with particular attention to microextraction, green solvent systems, QuEChERS, and advanced sorbent-based approaches. Analytical platforms, including chromatographic, mass-spectrometric, spectroscopic, and portable optical methods, are comparatively assessed with respect to isomer resolution, sensitivity, selectivity, qualitative capability, throughput, matrix effects, and practical applicability. The review further considers analytical greenness and the emerging integration of automation, digital analysis, and artificial intelligence/machine learning. Across these developments, no universally optimal workflow is evident; instead, analytical performance depends on matching analyte properties and matrix characteristics with appropriate pretreatment and determination strategies. By integrating these considerations, the review provides a matrix- and mechanism-oriented framework for method selection and identifies the major tradeoffs and technological priorities shaping future carotenoid analysis.

The growing demand for sustainable and bioactive personal care products has renewed interest in traditional formulations. Saboun Dzair, a traditional Algerian olive oil-based soap widely used in hammam practices, remains poorly investigated for its bioactive properties. Lavandula dentata L. essential oil (LDEO) was extracted by hydrodistillation from plants collected near Mostaganem, Algeria (yield: 0.10%). GC-MS/MS analysis identified linalool (22.28%), linalyl acetate (14.42%), camphor, borneol, and 1,8-cineole as major constituents. The extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) used for superfatting was dominated by oleic acid (60.97%). LDEO was incorporated at 5%, 8%, and 12% (w/w). DPPH antioxidant activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, from 9.09% inhibition in unenriched soap to 26.67% for 12% LDEO + 5% EVOO, an approximately 2.9-fold enhancement. Antimicrobial assays against six microbial strains showed inhibition zones of 8-10 mm for unenriched soap and up to 24.96 mm for the optimized formulation (12% LDEO + 5% EVOO), with a MIC of 1.85 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings demonstrate that LDEO enrichment enhanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Saboun Dzair while supporting its potential as a sustainable, bioactive, and culturally relevant natural soap.

This special issue of the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, titled "Confronting the Impacts of Systemic Racism and Structural Oppression on Overdose and Substance Use Inequities," addresses the disproportionate burden of drug overdose and substance use impacts borne by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities. While overall overdose mortality rates have fluctuated, deep racial inequities persist and are driven in part by structural oppressive forces, systemic and structural racism, and White supremacy. To move beyond traditional risk-factor epidemiology and reductive "gap gazing," this collection highlights critical empirical approaches that directly measure and confront systemic harms while advancing equitable solutions. The issue features two central themes. The first theme, Measuring the Impact of Structural and/or Systemic Factors, highlights rigorous quantitative and qualitative studies that operationalize intersectional stress, racial trauma, and lifespan violence among minoritized populations. The second theme, Culturally Responsive Substance Use/Overdose Prevention, focuses on community-informed adaptations to overdose education and therapeutic settings to combat stigma and mitigate racial microaggressions. Ultimately, this issue demonstrates how critical scientific frameworks can transform substance use scholarship. By centering in the margins, evaluating evolving therapeutic interventions through an equity lens, and demanding methodological precision in documenting structural harms, this issue offers a path forward toward health justice and accountability for all people who use substances.

Medical errors remained a persistent challenge to patient safety and healthcare quality worldwide. This study examined the psychological predictors and underlying mechanisms associated with medical errors among nurses, focusing specifically on the effects of work-family conflict, work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW), and the mediating role of burnout. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Participants were 251 nurses (81 men, 170 women) working in public hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria, aged between 31 and 52 years (M = 41.28, SD = 6.31). Data were analyzed using Hayes' PROCESS macro with 5,000 bootstrap samples to test the hypothesized mediation model. Higher levels of both WIF and FIW were significantly associated with increased medical errors. Burnout significantly mediated the relationships between work-family conflict dimensions and medical errors, indicating that work-family conflict contributes to elevated error rates indirectly through heightened burnout. Work-family conflict constitutes a significant psychosocial risk factor for medical errors, with burnout serving as a key explanatory mechanism. Interventions aimed at mitigating burnout may reduce the negative impact of work-family conflict on patient safety outcomes. Healthcare administrators and nurse managers should prioritize strategies to reduce work-family conflict and burnout, such as optimizing job demands and implementing flexible scheduling, family-supportive workplace policies, and manageable workload structures. Addressing these psychosocial stressors may enhance nurse well-being and contribute to improved patient safety.

Red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) hold promise for bioimaging and optoelectronics, yet their synthesis under mild, scalable conditions remains challenging. Conventional hydrothermal routes demand high temperature and pressure, while ambient-pressure alternatives rely on strong acids and yield limited quantum yields without programmable surface control. This work reports a catechol-assisted ambient-pressure strategy that achieves hundred-gram-scale preparation of R-CDs by simple heating at ∼90°C. Catechol acts as a co-polymerization mediator, participating in formation of carbon dots while its dual hydrogen-bonding network suppresses functional-group detachment, stabilizes radical intermediates, and lowers the steric barrier for cyclization. This mechanism enables programmable tuning of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and emission wavelength by varying the precursor substituents. The hydrophobic carbon dots exhibit a solid-state quantum yield of 45.26% (encapsulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone), the highest reported, and enable white light-emitting diodes (WLED) with a color rendering index (CRI) of 94. The hydrophilic carbon dots (quantum yield 37.86%) are directly applied to deep-tissue in vivo imaging without surface modification. This work provides a versatile molecular engineering platform for sustainable synthesis of functional aromatic carbon nanomaterials.

Understanding how multiple housing-related inequalities coexist is crucial for addressing cumulative disadvantage in contemporary societies. Yet, the complexity of their interrelations remains insufficiently explored. This systematic review maps existing evidence on how different forms of housing and environment-related inequalities co-occur and, where examined, how these overlapping inequalities relate to physical and mental health outcomes. Guided by PRISMA protocols and supported by bibliometric and network analyses using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, the study reviewed literature published since 2007, identifying 974 relevant papers for clustering and 53 for in-depth qualitative synthesis. The review examines the extent to which housing inequalities intersect with at least one of three wider dimensions-access to green and blue spaces, transport and infrastructure, and digital access-and how these intersections relate to health. Although nearly half of the included studies considered more than one wider dimension, research explicitly examining their combined effects remained limited, constraining understanding of cumulative disadvantage and its health consequences. Findings also reveal that vulnerable populations-including low-income households, older adults, migrants, ethnic minorities-are disproportionately affected by poor housing conditions compounded by limited access to spatial services and resources. This review calls for more integrated, longitudinal, and intersectional research to capture the complex interplay of housing conditions, wider environmental aspects, and health. It also highlights the need for inclusive urban planning and policy responses that place housing at the center of health equity strategies. Ensuring safe, affordable, and well-connected housing is both a public health priority and a foundation for sustainable urban development.