Current therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer (PC) are associated with significant adverse effects, drug resistance, and many other limitations. Docetaxel (DTX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for PC, requires high doses, often resulting in severe side effects. Combining DTX with hyperthermia has the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing the required drug concentration. In this context, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is emerging as a promising treatment modality for solid tumors, including PC. In this study, the combinatorial effect of citric acid-coated Mn0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticle-mediated MFH and DTX on PC cells LNCaP is analyzed. Cell viability, therapeutic synergy, and mode of cell death are evaluated following the two treatment sequences: (i) DTX at IC20 for 24 and 48 h followed by MFH (42-45 °C for 1 h), and (ii) MFH followed by DTX for the same durations. The results show that therapeutic efficacy strongly depends on treatment sequence. MFH followed by DTX induces the highest cytotoxicity, achieving approximately 80-85% cell death, predominantly through apoptosis, indicating strong synergism. In contrast, the reverse sequence results in approximately 60% cell death while maintaining a synergistic interaction. These findings highlight the importance of treatment sequencing and the potential of MFH-assisted combination therapy to enhance therapeutic outcomes in PC.

Primary cardiac vascular tumors are rare in children. We report a 14-year-old girl with hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and a large right atrial mass. Echocardiogram identified the lesion and tamponade physiology. Pericardial drainage and stabilization preceded computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The mass was excised under cardiopulmonary bypass, and the atrial defect was reconstructed with an autologous pericardial patch. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry favored composite hemangioendothelioma of low malignant potential. Postoperative FDG PET-CT showed no residual or metastatic disease. Adjuvant gemcitabine/docetaxel-based chemotherapy was given after multidisciplinary review. Six-month echocardiogram showed no recurrence.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited therapeutic options and poor clinical outcomes. This study evaluated folic acid-functionalized solid lipid nanoparticles co-loaded with docetaxel and erlotinib (FA-DOC/ERL-SLNs) as an oral targeted therapy for TNBC. FA-DOC/ERL-SLNs exhibited the lowest IC₅₀ values of 0.82 ± 0.05 μM and 0.92 ± 0.03 μM in MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells, respectively, with enhanced cellular uptake compared with free drugs and non-targeted SLNs. The formulation also induced higher apoptosis (apoptosis indices of 1.42 and 1.45), greater G2/M cell-cycle arrest, autophagy inhibition, and reduced clonogenicity and migration. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated markedly improved oral bioavailability, with AUC₀-t increasing from 1.03 to 45.69 μg·h/mL for docetaxel and from 18.30 to 87.76 μg·h/mL for erlotinib. In 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, FA-DOC/ERL-SLNs reduced tumor volume by approximately 1.5-fold compared with non-targeted SLNs and 2.5-3.0-fold compared with free drugs, without significant body weight loss or systemic toxicity. These findings demonstrate that FA-DOC/ERL-SLNs enhance the efficacy and safety of oral docetaxel-erlotinib combination therapy and represent a promising targeted nanocarrier platform for TNBC treatment.

In today's world, research has evolved a lot in the field of cancer and docetaxel (DTX) has been intensively studied for its ability to cure different types of cancers. However, the intravenous delivery of DTX puts forth various undesirable side effects, while oral delivery has its own solubility and permeability drawbacks. The advancements in research have focused on overcoming these disadvantages by developing novel and efficient DTX-based drug delivery systems. The review aims at identifying challenges faced by DTX and thereby forecasting the different DTX formulations established to surpass them. The successful DTX delivery is mediated by certain efficient nanocarriers, inclusion complexes, etc., effectively destroying the cancerous cells. The current clinical status of these formulations has also been listed in this review. The dedicated efforts of researchers have been fruitful in site-specific targeting of DTX by novel formulations, thus enhancing its antitumor effect. However, this success has been restricted only to preclinical studies and only a few formulations have entered the CTs, while none have received market approval. A deep understanding of the basics of nanoformulations, along with their toxicological insights and flexible production procedures, will help to combat the clinical hurdles faced by them.

Perioperative treatment for resectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is changing rapidly as immune checkpoint inhibition enters a field historically shaped by distinct chemotherapy and surgical paradigms. This review critically appraises contemporary perioperative and adjuvant evidence and proposes a biomarker-informed, regionally adaptable framework for clinical decision-making. We conducted a structured narrative review of perioperative and adjuvant systemic therapy, surgical outcomes, treatment completion, safety, and biomarker evidence in resectable gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma, with emphasis on randomized phase III trials, mature follow-up, prospective biomarker studies, and relevant regulatory data. MATTERHORN demonstrated significant event-free survival and subsequently overall survival benefits with perioperative durvalumab plus fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT), supporting regulatory approvals. In contrast, KEYNOTE-585 increased pathological complete response but did not meet the prespecified event-free survival statistical boundary, while ATTRACTION-5 did not establish postoperative nivolumab after D2 gastrectomy as a new standard. MSI-H/dMMR is the most clinically relevant perioperative biomarker, although chemotherapy-free strategies remain investigational. PD-L1 thresholds validated in advanced disease should not be directly transferred to the curative setting. Pathological response, ypN status, circulating tumor DNA/molecular residual disease, and emerging multimodal risk models are prognostic, but none currently provides validated treatment-effect prediction sufficient to mandate postoperative escalation or de-escalation. Perioperative treatment should integrate resectability, surgical quality, patient fitness, regional chemotherapy backbones, MSI-H/dMMR status, treatment completion, and postoperative recovery. The proposed framework is conceptual rather than a guideline and requires prospective validation.