Despite substantial investment in physical activity research and the development of numerous evidence-based interventions, translation into routine practice remains slow and inconsistent. Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science offers methodological tools to address this research-to-practice gap; however, many intervention-trained physical activity researchers report uncertainty about how to design and evaluate implementation strategies and studies. This paper provides practical guidance for integrating D&I science into physical activity research by emphasizing its structural parallels with intervention science. As part of developing a D&I study, we describe how core intervention constructs-interventions, behavioral determinants, and effectiveness outcomes-align with implementation constructs-implementation strategies, determinants of implementation behavior, and implementation outcomes. Drawing on examples from school- and community-based physical activity initiatives, we illustrate how familiar tools such as logic models, behavioral theory, and multilevel design can be applied. Related to D&I study evaluation, we further clarify the strategic use of hybrid effectiveness-implementation approaches (Types I-III) and offer guidance on aligning study design with the maturity of intervention evidence and known implementation barriers. Throughout, we highlight the complementary roles of CEnR and D&I science in co-creating, evaluating, and optimizing sustainable implementation strategies. Finally, we discuss approaches to evaluating implementation outcomes, selecting frameworks such as Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and identifying future methodological needs in community settings. By reframing D&I science as an extension of familiar intervention principles rather than a separate methodological domain, this manuscript aims to equip physical activity researchers with conceptual clarity and practical tools to accelerate population-level impact.

Passively collected location-based services data on walking and bicycling trips could potentially complement traditional public health surveillance systems as related but distinct sources for physical activity data. Starting with a sample of 298 counties, we explored county-level associations between 2019 StreetLight location-based services measures and 2017 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System self-reported nonoccupational physical activity measures using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rho), following Cohen's interpretation (low: < 0.3; moderate: 0.3 to <0.5; strong: ≥ 0.5). Then, we explored stratified associations for the two strongest correlated StreetLight-Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System pairs of measures to understand how these associations differed by county characteristics. Of 72 StreetLight-Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System measure combinations, 4 pairs were moderately correlated (rho 0.3 to <0.5). The remaining pairs had low correlations (rho < 0.3). Select stratified measure pairs had strong correlations (rho ≥ 0.5) for medium and small metro counties and counties in the middle tertile of social vulnerability. Location-based services measures and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System physical activity measures mostly showed limited convergent validity. The usefulness of location-based services data for representing nonoccupational physical activity may be context-sensitive to certain types of counties, where the constructs may have more in common.

This paper develops the recognition paradox in nursing practice: expertise can increase the capacity to manage clinically complex situations while rendering the relational work through which they are managed less available for reflective recognition. Nursing complexity is commonly identified through visible proxies-workload, acuity, care intensity, number or difficulty of interventions. Clancy (2024) has shown how attempts to represent complex practice frequently reduce it to discrete components. Building on that critique, the paper identifies a distinct site of selectivity: complexity may become only partially recognizable to the nurses who enact it, a form of selectivity analytically distinct from that introduced by organizational representation. Drawing on accounts of expertise, tacit knowing and invisible work, it distinguishes experienced complexity (the difficulty, uncertainty or effort perceived by the practitioner) from enacted complexity (the heterogeneity and interdependence of clinically relevant relations on which appropriate performance depends, as established through converging evidence). These can diverge because experience reorganizes attention, allowing multiple cues and contextual relations to be integrated without separate focal inspection. The paper treats possession, exercise, recognition and articulation as analytically distinct sites of possible epistemic loss rather than as stages of a linear process, and shows how selectivity at each site shapes what becomes organizationally visible. The central claim is modest but consequential: representational systems can preserve only those dimensions of complexity that become professionally available for description.

How increased ventilatory drive shapes the temporal evolution and multidimensional experience of exertional dyspnoea remains incompletely understood. This study examined whether experimentally increasing ventilatory drive via dead-space loading (DSL) alters dyspnoea during constant-load exercise. Nine healthy adults (7 male; V̇O2peak 100 ± 16% predicted) performed constant-load cycle ergometry to task failure at 50%Δ between the gas-exchange threshold and V̇O2peak under control (CTRL) and DSL (15% vital capacity) conditions in a randomised crossover design. Dyspnoea intensity, dyspnoea unpleasantness, and leg discomfort were assessed using the Borg CR10 scale, and sensory-perceptual and affective-emotional dimensions using the Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile. Compared with CTRL, DSL increased end-tidal CO2, minute ventilation, tidal volume, and inspiratory pressures without altering cardiometabolic responses, and reduced time to task failure (10.0 ± 2.3 vs. 13.8 ± 4.6 min; p = .012). Dyspnoea intensity rose more rapidly during DSL, but was similar at task failure, whereas dyspnoea unpleasantness was consistently higher without a distinct temporal divergence. Leg discomfort and dyspnoea descriptor frequencies did not differ between conditions. Post-exercise multidimensional profiling revealed greater breathing unpleasantness (p = .008), immediate perception scores (p = .036), respiratory work/effort (p = .040), and air hunger (p = .027), with no differences in emotional response scores. Greater iso-time increases in dyspnoea intensity and unpleasantness were associated with shorter time to task failure (r = - .82 to - 0.88; p ≤ .007). These findings suggest that increased ventilatory drive accelerates dyspnoea development and preferentially augments sensory-perceptual characteristics of dyspnoea, contributing to earlier task failure despite similar end-exercise symptom intensity.