Quantification of antigen-specific antibodies is fundamental to studies of infection, vaccination, and humoral immunity. Conventional serological assays typically measure responses to a single antigen and require relatively large sample volumes, whereas multiplex platforms enable simultaneous analysis of multiple analytes while conserving sample material. Here, we describe the use of EYRAplex as a bead-based multiplex platform to quantify antigen-specific IgG responses against multiple viral antigens. The major structural envelope proteins from three flaviviruses, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus, were coupled to color-coded magnetic beads and used to measure IgG responses in longitudinal serum samples from vaccinated individuals. Assay performance was optimized by evaluating antigen coupling densities and serum dilutions, and analytical sensitivity was assessed using flavivirus-specific monoclonal antibodies. The assay reliably quantified the magnitude and kinetics of vaccine-induced antibody responses and distinguished type-specific from cross-reactive antibodies across flavivirus antigens. These findings demonstrate that EYRAplex provides a robust, scalable, and versatile multiplex platform for quantifying antigen-specific IgG responses in human samples.

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency worldwide, but appendiceal involvement by Schistosoma species is rare, particularly in nonendemic settings.1 We report a 28-year-old male migrant from Mali presenting to the emergency department with 24 hours of right lower abdominal pain, anorexia, and low-grade fever. Physical examination and elevated inflammatory markers suggested acute appendicitis. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a thickened, noncompressible appendix with surrounding fat stranding. The patient underwent urgent laparoscopic appendectomy, which revealed a gangrenous, perforated appendix with localized inflammatory exudate. Histopathological evaluation unexpectedly identified numerous Schistosoma ova embedded throughout the appendiceal wall, surrounded by eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation, compatible with chronic schistosomal infection complicated by acute bacterial appendicitis. Postoperative recovery was uneventful; because of transfer of care, definitive antiparasitic therapy could not be administered locally. This case underscores the need to consider imported parasitic infections in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen among migrants from endemic regions in nonendemic countries.1 It also highlights the crucial role of multidisciplinary collaboration among clinicians, surgeons, pathologists, and microbiologists for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

The Information System on Wildlife Health (SISS-Geo) is a free platform designed for the real-time collection of georeferenced data on wildlife health and environmental conditions via mobile devices. It serves as a collaborative tool, enabling health professionals, researchers, environmental managers, and the general public to report information about wildlife health occurrences directly within the system. Since its launch in 2014, SISS-Geo has been successfully applied in supporting decision-making during significant wildlife health events in Brazil. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic alert system based on a Multi-Attribute Zoonotic Alert Index (Z-Alert) to enhance disease outbreak detection and response in wildlife. The proposed approach improves the current alert system of the SISS-Geo platform by integrating clustering techniques with multi-objective optimization. The clustering stage groups spatiotemporally related SISS-Geo records, including observations of animals reported as alive, dead, or sick, allowing the identification of patterns relevant for epidemiological surveillance. Each identified cluster is assigned a numerical alert index, the Z-Alert index, reflecting its level of attention, based on optimally weighted attributes such as the percentage of dead animals, temporal interval, and geographical spread. The system also offers customization alert thresholds, allowing health managers to adapt the alert system to their specific needs. To validate the model, we used historical Yellow Fever case data from Brazil's Ministry of Health. By supporting surveillance teams in prioritizing prevention and investigation actions, the system enhances the capacity of public health authorities to respond effectively through supporting risk assessment, optimizing resource allocation, and promoting cost-effective strategies for outbreak control.

El 15 de mayo del 2026, los Ministerios de Salud de la República Democrática del Congo y de Uganda declararon brotes de enfermedad por el virus de Bundibugyo (BVD, por sus siglas en inglés), un tipo de enfermedad del Ébola. En respuesta a informes de altas cifras de casos presuntos y muertes en estos brotes, los CDC simularon proyecciones de escenarios para comprender la posible morbilidad y mortalidad futura. Un modelo de procesos de ramificación con la capacidad de modelar intervenciones no farmacéuticas que reducen la transmisión se calibró con tres presuntas cifras de muertes acumuladas y se proyectó para cuatro posibles escenarios de intervención que variaron desde niveles bajos (20%) hasta niveles extremadamente altos (95%) de aislamiento y tratamiento de personas sintomáticas. El análisis indicó un posible salto interespecífico (es decir, la transmisión de un virus de su reservorio animal natural a los seres humanos) de mediados a finales de febrero del 2026. Con niveles de aislamiento bajos de los pacientes con la enfermedad por el virus de Bundibugyo (20%) y sin otras intervenciones, la probabilidad de un brote que sobrepase los 20 000 casos en un plazo de 3 meses es del 65%. Sin embargo, si una proporción alta de pacientes entrara en aislamiento (70%), se proyecta solamente una probabilidad de uno entre 20 de un brote con ≥10 000 casos en un plazo de 3 meses. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de contar con intervenciones de salud pública sólidas, ya que el brote actual ya es el mayor brote conocido de enfermedad por el virus de Bundibugyo y tiene el potencial de convertirse rápidamente en uno de los más grandes brotes de enfermedad del Ébola que se hayan registrado.

African swine fever remains a major constraint on global pig production because effective treatment is unavailable, and disease control relies primarily on biosecurity and outbreak management. Field observations from endemic regions increasingly suggest that some domestic pigs can survive exposure to ASFV. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize genomic differences between Mozambican Landim pigs that survived or died after natural ASFV infection and to identify variants potentially associated with differential disease survival. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 32 naturally exposed Landim pigs, including 16 survivors and 16 non-survivors, and the resulting reads were aligned to the Sscrofa11.1 reference genome. Variant frequencies were compared between groups, and functional annotation was performed. Genetic structure was assessed using PCA, genetic distance-based clustering, and admixture. The data revealed marked genomic differentiation between survivors and non-survivors. Comparative analysis identified 4,804 polymorphisms that significantly differentiated, of which 45.0% were intergenic. Missense variants were identified in the TTC12 and WWC1 genes, and functional annotation of genes harboring significantly differentiating variants indicated processes related to immune regulation, T-cell activation, intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal organization, vesicular transport, ubiquitin-dependent proteostasis, and lipid metabolism. Given the marked genetic stratification between survivor and non-survivor groups, the observed differences between them cannot be unambiguously separated from underlying population structure. Therefore, although some of the identified variants may contribute to differential survival following ASFV exposure, the findings should be considered exploratory and require validation in larger, independent, genetically comparable populations.

History A 76-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of worsening binocular diplopia on left horizontal gaze, along with 1 week of progressive dysarthria and dizziness. Additionally, he had a chronic history of right-sided cervicobrachialgia related to degenerative disk disease, which had been improving with oral analgesia. The patient's past medical history included hypertension, dyslipidemia, insomnia, and hypothyroidism. He also had postpolio syndrome affecting the right lower limb. He reported no fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, or chest pain. There was no history of rash, intravenous drug use, immunosuppressive medication use, or documented congenital abnormalities. He reported no recent or recurrent bacterial or viral infections. At clinical examination, the patient appeared tired and had a decreased level of alertness. He was hypertensive (165/91 mm Hg) but had a normal body temperature. Other vital signs were unremarkable. Neurologic assessment revealed left abducens nerve palsy, right lower facial palsy, horizontal nystagmus during right eye adduction, and right lower limb paresis with ipsilateral patellar hyperreflexia. Brain MRI performed the day after admission showed imaging abnormalities. Laboratory testing showed an elevated C-reactive protein level (135 mg/L; upper limit of normal, 1 mg/L); other blood tests were within normal limits. Extensive additional diagnostic workup-including serologic testing for anti-aquaporin-4 antibody, anti-DNA antibody, lupus anticoagulant, antinuclear antibody, anti-cardiolipin antibody, and rheumatoid factor-yielded negative results. Lumbar puncture revealed a normal cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure (18 cm H2O; upper limit of normal, 25 cm H2O). The cerebrospinal fluid was clear, with a normal total nucleated cell count (3.75/mm[3]; reference range, 0-5/mm[3]), normal glucose level (53 mg/dL [2.9 mmol/L]; reference range, 50-77 mg/dL [2.8-4.3 mmol/L]), and elevated total protein level (750 mg/L; reference range, 100-450 mg/L). Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands were positive.

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem inflammatory disorder characterised by non-caseating granulomas and a wide range of reported prevalence. Renal-limited sarcoidosis is a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis which remains a diagnostic challenge due to lack of extra renal manifestation and specific diagnostic criteria. We report a 37-year-old man who presented to a tertiary care hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2024, with a two-month history of fever, weight loss, hypercalcaemia, high-to-normal 1,25-Vitamin D, high angiotensin-converting enzyme levels and acute kidney injury. His renal biopsy showed evidence of tubulointerstitial nephritis without granulomas or nephrocalcinosis. After exclusion of infectious, malignant, drug- related and autoimmune causes, a probable diagnosis of renal-limited sarcoidosis was considered. The patient received a course of steroids with subsequent improvement in his symptoms, renal function and renal biopsy inflammatory activity. This case highlights the diagnostic uncertainty and challenges in renal-limited sarcoidosis, particularly in the absence of granulomatous inflammation.