Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from a passive information tool into a responsive conversational system. For individuals with obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) that are, in part, maintained by safety behaviors and other negative reinforcement loops, large language models (LLMs) can function as highly available, potentially sycophantic, and readily repeatable sources of reassurance that may undermine the principles of exposure and response prevention (ERP). Measurement paradigms inherited from the early digital era (e.g., screen time and problematic internet use) were not designed to capture these relational dynamics. In this perspective, we propose a cognitive-behavioral framework for conceptualizing and assessing patient-AI relationships in the OCRDs. We argue that generative AI may interfere with exposure-based treatment (by eroding therapeutic friction), the discomfort, delay, and uncertainty on which corrective learning depends. We suggest that this occurs through three interlocking mechanisms: supernormal stimuli, algorithmic sycophancy, and digital accommodation. We propose an assessment architecture that records the context of AI use and rates five functional domains: Emotional Reliance, Reassurance and Checking, Anthropomorphic Attribution, Epistemic Trust, and Displacement. Adjunct ratings capture adaptive benefit, global interference, concealment, and safety-relevant exchanges. Hypothesized digital phenotypes may be derived from the domain-level profiles. We conclude by outlining a cognitive-behavioral approach to treatment planning for AI-facilitated reassurance seeking and discussing implications for safeguarding internal validity in research. We argue that structured inquiry into the patient-AI relationship belongs in OCRD assessment and research design, and we offer the present framework as a testable approach whose measurement properties remain to be established.

Liquid biopsy guided anti-EGFR rechallenge therapy is gaining ground as a potential option for patient with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. However, the identification of potential biomarkers to implement patient's stratification is required. The CAVE-2 GOIM trial investigated the role of rechallenge with cetuximab ± avelumab in patients with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) (assessed with the FoundationOne Liquid assay) RAS/BRAF wild type (WT) mCRC. Correlation with molecular profile, ctDNA tumor fraction (TF), and clinicopathological characteristics was performed. In patients with "negative" compared with "positive hyperselected" tumors the overall response rate was 12% vs 3%, median progression free survival (mPFS) mPFS 5.6 months (4.4-6.9) vs 3.65 months (2.8-4.8) (HR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41-0.91; P = 0.0155), median overall survival (mOS) 14.5 months (12.4-19.0) vs 11.6 months (8.5-15.6) (HR0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.93; P = 0.023). Therefore, we explored potential biomarkers in patients with "negative hyperselected" tumors. Remarkably, among the investigated factors at multivariable analysis for PFS and OS only ctDNA TF retained significance. For patients with negative hyperselected tumors with ctDNA TF ≥ 10 compared with patients with ctDNA TF <10% mPFS was 4.8 months (3.4-3.9) vs 5.7 (4.4-6.9) (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.20-2.53; P = 0.00382) and mOS 11.0 months (8.3-13.0) vs 21.3 months (HR 2.75, 95% CI 1.79-4.23; P = 0.00000418). This data suggests that a higher ctDNA shedding might better refine cancer aggressiveness and metastatic load than tumor burden. Taken together these results highlights the strong prognostic value of ctDNA TF and the potential role for treatment personalization.

Photovoltaic (PV) operation generates substantial low-grade waste heat, motivating energy-recovery strategies that can accommodate dynamically varying thermal conditions. Here, thermogalvanic and thermodiffusive hydrogel-based ionic thermoelectric (iTE) devices were separately integrated with the same PV-phase change composite (PCC) platform to compare their energy-conversion and energy-delivery characteristics. The PAM-F thermogalvanic cell (TC) exhibited an ionic Seebeck coefficient of 1.37 mV K-1 and a maximum power density of 4.16 mW m-2 at ΔT = 10 K, while maintaining electrical output under an external load for over 1 h. In contrast, the thermodiffusive PVA-K iTE supercapacitor exhibited a larger negative ionic Seebeck coefficient of -4.28 mV K-1 and enabled thermal charging followed by time-shifted electrical discharge. The PCC suppressed the cold-side temperature rise during irradiation and maintained a larger temperature gradient across the iTE layer, while releasing stored latent heat after irradiation to reverse the thermal gradient. Under simulated PV operation, the PVA-K-based system generated -36.8 mV at a temperature difference of approximately 11 K and subsequently developed a reversed open-circuit voltage of 21.4 mV, delivering 12.65 mJ m-2 of electrical energy during post-irradiation discharge. These results reveal two complementary modes for PV waste-heat utilization: sustained thermogalvanic energy generation and thermodiffusive charge storage with time-shifted release, highlighting the importance of coordinating ionic transport and thermal management. This complementary strategy provides a promising route toward distributed low-power energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and storage-assisted monitoring in PV systems.

Renatured β-1,3-1,6-glucan nanoparticles (r-glucan NPs) are hydrated polysaccharide nanostructures formed by alkali dissociation and neutralization-induced renaturation of glucan chains. Unlike rigid molecular hosts, their guest-accommodating environments are flexible, heterogeneous, and water-accessible. Here, aromatic guest incorporation into r-glucan NPs was investigated using resveratrol as a model guest for solvent-exchange analysis and 32 stilbene, azobenzene, and cinnamic acid derivatives as molecular probes. Solvent-exchange experiments showed that acetone-dependent loading conditions affected resveratrol retention, the transient colloidal state of r-glucan NPs, the recovered-complex state, and the chiral organization of retained resveratrol. Descriptor-based analysis revealed that guest molar fraction was positively associated with polarity- and hydrogen-bonding-related descriptors, including tPSA, OH count, and dipole moment, whereas logP and hydrophobic surface area showed negative correlations. Pairwise two-descriptor regression identified the logP/OH count model as the most chemically interpretable descriptor combination, highlighting the need to suppress excessive hydrophobic self-association while enabling hydroxy-group-derived stabilization. These results support a model in which aromatic guest incorporation is governed by kinetic selection during solvent exchange followed by stabilization within a hydrated glucan matrix. This study clarifies the inclusion characteristics of flexible hydrated polysaccharide matrices and provides descriptor-guided design principles for aromatic guest incorporation into r-glucan NPs.

Aqueous Zn metal batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage, yet their practical deployment is hindered by poor Zn reversibility. Although crystallographic engineering can improve Zn electrochemistry, the precise fabrication of single-crystal Zn electrodes with full-dimensional crystallographic coherence remains elusive. Here we report a remote electro-epitaxy (REE) strategy to render high-quality single-crystal Zn electrodes. Using monolayer graphene-skinned Cu(111) substrate as the epitaxial current collector, REE manages to preserve perfect crystallographic inheritance through substrate-potential transmission and accommodate lattice mismatch via interfacial strain relaxation, which is evidenced by theoretical and instrumental characterizations. As a result, the Zn(002) deposits with uniform out-of-plane crystallographic orientation, in-plane crystallographic coherence, and through-thickness crystallographic continuity are achieved on both centimeter-scale foils and 4-inch wafer substrates. The resulting electrodes warrant reversible Zn plating/stripping behavior, enhanced stability under elevated depth-of-discharge conditions, and successful implementation in Ah-scale pouch cells competing the state-of-the-art. Beyond Zn, our strategy is extendable to a multitude of metals, offering a scalable pathway toward single-crystal electrode fabrication for emerging energy storage.

Despite implementation of surveillance in at-risk populations and the availability of potentially curative treatment such as resection or ablation, recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a frequent clinical challenge driven by both occult residual disease and de novo carcinogenesis, and can have a major impact on patients' quality of life. Current evidence does not support adjuvant therapy after curative treatment in early-stage HCC, and active surveillance remains the standard of care. Following the historical failure of adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced HCC treatment has renewed interest in their application in the curative-intent setting, particularly for their potential to eradicate microscopic residual disease. Preliminary evidence on adjuvant PD-1-based combinations supported the plausibility of immune modulation, although most of today's evidence derives from retrospective heterogeneous cohorts including multiple anti-PD-1 agents. Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody that restores antitumor T-cell activity, has recently attracted growing interest on the postoperative management of early- and intermediate-stage HCC. KEYNOTE-937 was a Phase III trial comparing pembrolizumab to placebo after curative treatment whose results failed to demonstrate improvement in recurrence-free survival. This outcome suggested that postoperative PD-1 blockade alone may be insufficient to prevent tumor relapse, especially without proper selection on residual disease or treatment sensitivity. Conversely, pembrolizumab-based strategies administered in the neoadjuvant or perioperative setting remain underexplored. As persistence of tumor antigens with intact tumor burden may offer a more favorable immunological context, this setting may be better suited for enhancing antitumor immune priming. In conclusion, the negative findings of KEYNOTE-937 provide a useful foundation for refining future PD-1-based strategies in HCC. Progress will require integration of molecular residual disease assessment with pathological risk stratification and liver disease etiology, in order to identify patients with immunologically targetable residual disease who may derive meaningful benefit from adjuvant pembrolizumab.

Career exploration is often expected to improve university students' employment expectations, whereas favorable expectations may also encourage subsequent career action. This four-wave longitudinal study examined between-person and within-person associations between environmental career exploration (ECE) and perceived employment outlook (EPO) among 2,267 undergraduates recruited from 16 universities in Liaoning Province, China. Surveys were administered across one academic year at intervals of approximately 8, 13, and 9 weeks. A free-lag random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) with demographic and institutional variables included as missing-data auxiliaries separated stable between-person differences from occasion-specific deviations. The random intercepts were positively correlated, r = 0.673, p < 0.001. Higher-than-usual EPO predicted higher subsequent ECE from T1 to T2 (β = 0.065, p = 0.030) and from T3 to T4 (β = 0.094, p = 0.001), but not across the longer winter-recess interval from T2 to T3 (β = 0.022, p = 0.482). Higher-than-usual ECE predicted lower subsequent EPO only from T3 to T4 (β = -0.069, p = 0.024); the earlier paths were nonsignificant. Multiple-indicator modeling that accommodated the noninvariant EPO3 intercepts and a two-item EPO sensitivity analysis produced the same interval-specific pattern. Stratified comparisons showed no university-tier or academic-major differences that survived multiplicity correction. The findings indicate that the prospective ECE-EPO association varied across the academic year in this regional sample. Because ECE measured search frequency rather than the content or valence of information obtained, the negative final-interval association does not establish that exploration is ineffective or identify the mechanism underlying expectation revision.

Lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCNPs) are lipid-based nanosystems with ordered aqueous and lipid domains that can be exploited to accommodate challenging hydrophilic biomolecules. In this study, glyceryl monooleate (GMO)-based LLCNPs were developed for NAD[+] loading, using Poloxamer 188 (P188) as a steric stabilizer and polyethylenimine (PEI) as a cationic polymer. Empty and NAD[+]-loaded GMO:P188 and GMO:P188:PEI formulations were prepared by a top-down method and characterized in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency, storage and stress stability, drug leakage, in vitro release, and internal mesophase organization by SAXS. Increasing Poloxamer 188 content reduced the size of empty GMO:P188 nanoparticles, while PEI incorporation increased particle size and shifted the ζ-potential toward less negative values. NAD[+] loading increased the hydrodynamic diameter of most formulations without compromising colloidal homogeneity, with encapsulation efficiency ranging from 38.5 ± 4.0% to 44.5 ± 5.0% across the formulation series. PEI-containing LLCNPs showed lower cumulative NAD[+] release at 24 h ranging from 66 ± 2% to 70 ± 4%, compared with 78 ± 3% to 87 ± 6% for GMO:P188 LLCNPs. Moreover, the highest mean NAD + leakage observed after 90 days of storage was 10.5 ± 2.1%. SAXS analysis confirmed the presence of an inverse bicontinuous cubic mesophase with Pn3̄m symmetry, while formulation composition influenced lattice parameter and long-range ordering. Overall, the results demonstrate that GMO-based LLCNPs can be compositionally tuned to regulate colloidal stability, NAD[+] retention, mesophase organization, and release behavior, supporting their potential as nanocarriers for hydrophilic charged biomolecules.