- Prevalence of Strabismus and Decreased Stereopsis in Parents of Children with Strabismus. [Journal Article]Ophthalmology. 2026 May 19. [Online ahead of print]O
- CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the familial nature of strabismus and high rate of abnormal stereopsis in parents of children with strabismus. This suggests that low stereopsis may be a subclinical form of strabismus. A notable discrepancy in self-reported and examined diagnoses underscores the need for clinical evaluations. Our findings suggest that low stereopsis could be used as a phenotype in large biobank genetic studies to allow greater understanding of strabismus, which is often neglected in eye genetic studies.
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- Distance stereopsis in patients with accommodative esotropia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Distance Randot Stereotest can be useful in measuring binocular vision recovery after successful realignment in refractive AET patients. Patients attaining normal scores for near stereopsis tests after optical correction revealed subnormal thresholds for DS.
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- Ileo-caecal doughnut bladder augmentation in children with exstrophy- epispadias complex- a study of 100 cases. [Journal Article]J Pediatr Urol. 2024 Aug; 20(4):644.e1-644.e8.JP
- CONCLUSIONS: The doughnut ileocecal augmentation provides a easily catheterizable, non-refluxing, appendicular channel, not requiring isolation of the appendix nor its reimplantation into the bladder. The colonic segment can provide a bed for ureteric reimplantation. Dryness with a good capacity bladder and preserved upper tract is achieved.
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- Comparison of Long-term Stereoacuity Improvement Between Patients With Initial Subnormal Stereopsis and Nil Stereopsis in Refractive Accommodative Esotropia. [Journal Article]J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2022 Jul-Aug; 59(4):248-253.JP
- CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RAET with initial subnormal stereopsis have greater chances of stereoacuity improvement and recovery of 60 arcsec of stereoacuity than those with nil stereopsis. Patients who initially have nil stereopsis may develop normal stereoacuity. Smaller initial deviations with hyperopic correction and fusion at distance indicate a favorable prognosis for stereoacuity improvement. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2022;59(4):248-253.].
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- Strabismus, stereoacuity, accommodation and convergence in young adults born premature and screened for retinopathy of prematurity. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Prematurely born young adults had a higher prevalence of strabismus, reduced stereoacuity and worse amplitude of accommodation than term-born controls.
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- Longitudinal Rehabilitation of Binocular Function in Adolescent Intermittent Exotropia After Successful Corrective Surgery. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Binocular function significantly improved from before to after successful corrective surgery and continued to improve from 1 to 12 months postoperatively in adolescents with IXT. No significant correlations were found between binocular functions at 1 month postoperatively and ocular alignment stability.
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- The Role of Dynamic Retinoscopy in Predicting Infantile Accommodative Esotropia and Influencing Emmetropization. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Normal accommodation on dynamic retinoscopy in orthotropic hyperopic infants is a predictor of continued good alignment and such infants can be followed without spectacles. Partial spectacle correction based on dynamic retinoscopy may have a beneficial effect on reducing the development of strabismus without impeding emmetropization. Early binocular accommodative behavior seems to be predictive of infants at risk of developing strabismus.
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- Response to correction of refractive errors and hypoaccommodation in children with congenital Zika syndrome. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Eyeglasses can improve visual acuity in children with CZS. Significant changes in their refractive status over time requires periodic updates.
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- Development of Strabismus in Children Initially Diagnosed with Pseudostrabismus. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The pseudostrabismic children with subnormal binocular single vision or low visual acuity require follow-up for the risk of development of true strabismus.
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- Assessing divergence in children with intermittent exotropia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Most children with intermittent XT have normal near fusional divergence but nearly half have reduced distance fusional divergence. We found the magnitude of near divergence break point correlates with the magnitude of near convergence break point. Measuring divergence may provide useful information about fragility of fusion in patients with intermittent XT. Future studies of fusional divergence are needed to establish whether common measurement methods represent true divergence amplitudes and whether such measures have prognostic significance.
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- Paralysis of accommodation with preserved pupillary function as the initial manifestation of Guillain-Barré syndrome. [Case Reports]
- A 7-year-old boy who complained of blurred reading vision was found on ophthalmologic examination to have subnormal distance visual acuity in both eyes and a hyperopic refractive error that was deemed too small to explain his symptoms. Within days, he developed speech and gait deficits that led to a diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Inpatient examination confirmed a profound binocular l…
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- Why do children with down syndrome have subnormal vision? [Lecture]
- CONCLUSIONS: People with Down syndrome have a wide variation in visual acuity, but generally 20 / 40 or worse. Both the eye and brain tend to be different in these patients compared to age matched normal subjects. Also, accommodative insufficiency (determined by dynamic retinoscopy) is often present in children Down syndrome, making bifocals a necessary consideration.
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- Changes in exodeviation following hyperopic correction in patients with intermittent exotropia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Although hyperopic correction in patients with X(T) resulted in a limited increase in exodeviation with a subnormal AC/A ratio, one-third of the patients experienced a significant increase in exodeviation. A spectacle correction trial should be considered before surgery in patients with hyperopia and X(T).
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- Visual function in 6 to 7 year-old children born extremely preterm: a population-based study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a more favourable long-term prognosis on important ocular and visual parameters in survivors of extreme prematurity than expected from similar reports on children born less prematurely and that performance IQ and motor function are related to visual acuity.
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- Stereoacuity outcomes after treatment of infantile and accommodative esotropia. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Some abnormalities in stereoacuity may exist before the onset of esotropia, but others may result directly from abnormal binocular experience. Several strategies for improving stereoacuity outcomes in esotropia are currently under active investigation. Improved stereoacuity outcomes are associated with better long-term stability of alignment, reduced risk for and severity of amblyopia, improved achievement of sensorimotor developmental milestones, better reading ability, and improved long-term quality of life.
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