The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and tumor heterogeneity shape prognosis and therapeutic response in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), but HIV-associated (HIV+) DLBCL remains poorly understood. To characterize the TIME and tumor-intrinsic features of DLBCL across a spectrum of HIV-associated immune dysregulation, we applied imaging mass cytometry (IMC), spatial transcriptomics (ST), and whole exome sequencing to 61 pre-treatment DLBCL biopsies, stratified by HIV status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure. By IMC, a tumor-immune hot neighborhood associated with inferior survival in HIV+ DLBCL (HR=3.16, p=0.013). By ST, HIV+/ART-experienced tumors demonstrated greater macrophage infiltration (p=0.02) and enrichment for M2 macrophage markers (CD163, MRC1, MARCO) and PDCD1:CD274 coexpression. Unsupervised clustering identified 17 shared subclonal niches, with PRC1/BMI1 dysregulation in HIV+ tumors and PRC2/EZH2 enrichment in HIV-negative (HIV-) tumors. Pseudotime positioned HIV+/ART-naïve, HIV+/ART-experienced, and HIV- tumors at progressively later transcriptional states. CD47 increased over pseudotime in HIV+/ART-experienced tumors but decreased in HIV-, while CD58 loss occurred in HIV- tumors only. In an exploratory paired exome subset, high-mutational-burden tumors transitioned from proliferative to immune-engaged states, while low-burden tumors accumulated extracellular matrix and myeloid signatures suggesting fibrotic microenvironments. The data define distinct immune architectures in DLBCL across a spectrum of HIV-associated immune dysregulation. HIV and ART exposure appear to shape the DLBCL TIME in a manner that may reflect the degree of immune reconstitution during lymphomagenesis. The immunosuppressive, checkpoint-enriched microenvironment of ART-experienced tumors supports further investigation of immune checkpoint blockade and macrophage-targeting strategies in a population historically excluded from such trials.

Despite recent adoption of perioperative therapy for high-risk melanoma, its overall survival benefit remains unclear, highlighting the need for biomarkers to identify patients likely to benefit from treatment. Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after definitive treatment predicts recurrence, and emerging molecular residual disease (MRD) assays may influence management. We validated a tissue-free MRD assay in 48 patients with clinical stage II-III melanoma treated with surgery (52% non-acral cutaneous, 31% acral, and 17% mucosal). The assay detects MRD through bioinformatic analysis of methylation signals across >20,000 epigenomic regions. Plasma samples (n = 281; 280 successfully reported) were prospectively collected before surgery, at Day 28, and every 3-6 months thereafter. Associations between MRD detection, recurrence, and overall survival were analyzed. At a median follow-up of 34.6 months with 27 recurrence events, postoperative surveillance sensitivity for distant recurrence was 81% with 100% post-treatment specificity. Median lead time between MRD detection and radiographic recurrence was 70.5 days. Surveillance MRD detection was associated with increased recurrence risk (HR 26.55, 95% CI 2.86-246.58, P = 0.004). Similarly, MRD detection 28 days postoperatively independently predicted recurrence (HR 11.70, 95% CI 3.09-43.76, P <0.001) and death (HR 31.14, 95% CI 5.37-221.1, P <0.001). Tissue-free epigenomic MRD detection was sensitive, specific, and significantly associated with recurrence and melanoma-related death. These findings support use of this assay in melanoma as a rapid, noninvasive approach for earlier identification of patients at high risk for recurrence, enabling refined treatment and surveillance strategies.

Komm, YN, Held, S, Gavanda, S, Comfort, P, Faigenbaum, AD, Geisler, S, and Augste, C. Effects of resistance training on isometric force and muscle thickness in prepubertal and pubertal boys: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-While increases in strength in youth are largely attributed to neural adaptations, evidence regarding hypertrophic adaptations in prepubertal youth remains inconsistent. This study compared the effects of resistance training on hypertrophy and strength between prepubertal and pubertal adolescents. Sixty-eight male subjects were classified as prepubertal (11.58 ± 1.04 years) or pubertal (14.28 ± 0.88 years) using maturity offset estimates and randomized into 4 groups: prepubertal resistance training (n = 19), prepubertal active control (n = 20), pubertal resistance training (n = 14), and pubertal active control (n = 15). The 9-week intervention consisted of 2 weekly sessions of lower-body resistance training, while the active control groups continued their regular soccer training. Strength was assessed using the isometric mid-thigh pull, and hypertrophy was assessed using muscle thickness. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. No significant Time × Intervention interactions were observed for rectus femoris and vastus intermedius (p = 0.295), and for vastus lateralis (p = 0.711). A significant Time × Intervention interaction (p = 0.042) was found for peak force, indicating superior strength improvements in the training groups. No significant Time × Maturity × Intervention interactions were detected for absolute strength (p = 0.289), relative strength (p = 0.656), rectus femoris and vastus intermedius thickness (p = 0.451), or vastus lateralis thickness (p = 0.731), although these analyses had limited statistical power. These findings indicate that the resistance training protocol in this study increased isometric mid-thigh pull force in prepubertal and pubertal adolescent boys.

Although clinicians often report significant emotional challenges in psychotherapy for personality disorders, we still know relatively little about how these difficulties are enacted and reorganized in moment-to-moment patient-therapist interaction. We examine whether interactional resonance and mediopassive agency can help illuminate relational difficulties and change in a good-outcome long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy involving a patient with severe interpersonal pathology, chronic depressive symptoms, and somatic complaints. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for borderline and avoidant personality disorders, as well as depressive and somatic symptom disorders. For much of the treatment, the therapist described sessions as highly distressing. Over time, sessions were experienced as less distressing and more productive. We examined whether this shift could be accounted for by changes in how patient and therapist took up and developed each other's contributions in interaction. Following a preliminary screening of therapist reports, case notes, and session recordings, we selected 10 sessions for multimodal conversation analysis. Using exploratory conversation analysis, we specified analytic indicators for interactional resonance and then compared five high-distress sessions with five lower distress sessions. High-distress sessions showed lower interactional resonance, whereas lower distress sessions showed higher resonance. In lower distress sessions, patient and therapist more often engaged in mediopassive interactions-that is, they jointly participated in the stepwise construction of meaning across turns. Psychotherapy for severe interpersonal pathology may involve working with persistently low levels of interactional resonance that constrain spontaneous, collaborative meaning-making. The findings further suggest that a dyad's capacity for interactional resonance may increase over the course of long-term treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Work-to-family conflict has significant implications for adult child caregivers and the older parents they care for, and cultural values such as filial piety play a critical role in shaping these dynamics. By integrating the work-home resources model with the dual filial piety framework, this study offers a novel perspective on how filial piety shapes the resource-depletion processes linking work-to-family conflict with family role performance. We conducted two empirical studies to test our hypotheses. Study 1 employed a time-lagged survey design and included 292 full-time employees who regularly provided care to their aging parents. Study 2 adopted a weekly experience sampling design, involving 256 participants and yielding 1,265 observations over a 5-week period. The results reveal that work-to-family conflict is negatively associated with family role performance. Informal caregiver burnout mediates this relationship. Moreover, reciprocal filial piety buffers the indirect effect of work-to-family conflict on family role performance through caregiver burnout, whereas authoritarian filial piety amplifies it. These findings highlight the role of culturally embedded filial norms in shaping resource dynamics and provide actionable insights for promoting caregiver well-being and eldercare quality in rapidly aging societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Models of intergenerational transmission of depression implicate lower sensitive parenting as a key mechanism linking maternal depressive symptoms and offspring outcomes. A well-developed literature demonstrates consistent, modest, negative associations between maternal depressive symptoms and sensitive parenting. However, this literature relies primarily on methods ill-suited to examine developmental timing or account for confounding with time-varying exposures. To address these limitations, we implemented marginal structural models, an approach developed to test timing effects and address confounding for time-varying exposures. Specifically, we used prospective longitudinal data from a sample of families from low-income, rural U.S. contexts (Family Life Project; N = 1,275; 59% White, 41% Black; 31% living below the federal poverty level) to test chronicity and timing effects of maternal depressive symptoms during infancy on sensitive parenting at 35 postnatal months. Unadjusted models suggested that, compared with stable lower postnatal symptoms, chronically higher (d = -.29, p = .001), early only (d = -.21, p = .009), and later only (d = -.26, p = .004) symptoms were all associated with less sensitive parenting, consistent with the existing literature. However, these differences were attenuated (ds ≤ -.14) and nonsignificant (ps ≥ .396) after adjusting for confounding. Results suggest the statistical association between maternal depression and sensitive parenting may be explained by confounding and highlight the importance of considering additional intervention targets that co-occur with maternal depression and may drive reductions in sensitive parenting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Prevailing theories of teamwork propose that a team's cognitive, affective, and motivational states (i.e., emergent states) and its members' interdependent actions (i.e., team processes) are inherently dynamic. Nevertheless, much of the existing literature overlooks critical components of theories on system dynamics (e.g., inertia, coevolution, feedback) and has largely failed to consider how time operates, ultimately leading to a predominantly static view of teams. To extend our understanding of team dynamism, we synthesized over 3,000 correlation coefficients from longitudinal studies, representing more than 11,000 teams on average. Using cross-lagged, meta-analytic structural equation models, we found that (a) emergent states and team processes exhibit inertia over time, although this varies by construct (affect exhibits the least inertia, while conflict exhibits the most); (b) some constructs (team affect and team cognition) tend to coevolve with team processes over time, whereas others (team motivation and team conflict) are consistently predicted by earlier team processes; (c) team performance exhibits consistent feedback loops, predicting subsequent emergent states and processes, which, in turn, predict later performance; and (d) the length of time between observations moderates these dynamics. Drawing on these results, we outline several key theoretical considerations for understanding team dynamics, highlight important methodological considerations for conducting longitudinal causally identified teams research, and offer recommendations for advancing beyond the current static perspective to a more dynamic understanding of teams. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).