This study examines the motivations underlying the rapid emergence of social entrepreneurship in Israel following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack and the ensuing war. While formal emergency services and volunteer organizations played important roles, many immediate responses were led by civilians who independently created new ventures to address urgent unmet needs. The study explored how these grassroots actors led community-based initiatives amid national trauma and institutional gaps. Drawing on interviews with social entrepreneurs, reflexive thematic analysis identified a dynamic interplay between contextual pressures and internal value-based and emotional drivers. Extrinsic pressures, including humanitarian urgency and failures in state response, pushed civilians into action. Intrinsic motives, including prosocial motivation, emotional proximity, meaning-making, and self-restoration, sustained engagement. For many, helping also served as a form of coping, transforming trauma into agency and grief into purpose. These findings indicate that civic leadership emerged out of the convergence of external urgency and internal purpose to drive entrepreneurial action. We conceptualize these actions as crisis-activated social entrepreneurship-a form of civic leadership that emerges from acute necessity rather than long-term planning. This type of social entrepreneurship not only contributed to the collective but also served as a mechanism of personal resilience and psychological recovery. Policy implications highlight the need to better integrate grassroots initiatives into formal crisis-response systems through coordination, targeted support, and institutional recognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Nuclear medicine neuroimaging is becoming increasingly important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, atypical parkinsonian syndromes and more rare neurological (movement) disorders. We report on a 46-year-old woman presented with frequent falls, a gradually progressive bipyramidal syndrome with gait ataxia, dysphagia, urinary urgency and -incontinence, low mood with disturbed emotional regulation and a mild asymmetric hypokinetic rigid syndrome. Additionally, she had a blurry vision, asymmetrical ptosis and abnormal vertical saccades. [18F]FDG PET/CT of the brain showed unspecific pattern of regional cortical hypometabolism and, more pronounced, striatal hypometabolism. [123I]FP-CIT SPECT showed a complete absence of on-target binding. Subsequent genetic testing revealed two variants in SPG7. The patient showed a modest favourable response on levodopa. This case illustrates profound neurodegeneration of the presynaptic dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in SPG7.

Perceiving social threats, especially expressions of anger, increases the speed of both action selection and execution. However, it remains unclear how individuals balance speed with achieving desirable outcomes, such as threat avoidance, under these conditions. To investigate this trade-off between decision speed and accuracy, we examined the kinematics of finger-reaching movements using a "go-before-you-know" paradigm. Participants chose between two empty outer chairs in a waiting room. Two central chairs were occupied by either two individuals with neutral expressions or one neutral individual and one threatening individual. The threatening individual expressed anger or fear at one of four intensity levels. The results showed that social threats generally invigorated action decision, as high-threat trials elicited faster movements, which correlated with more direct trajectories compared to neutral trials. However, when participants chose to avoid angry individuals, the most frequent response, movements followed more central trajectories, compared to when they approached angry individuals. These findings suggest that while social threats generally invigorate action selection and execution, it is possible that the accumulation of evidence for the decision can be temporarily prolonged to enhance the likelihood of a favorable outcome, such as threat avoidance. We discuss alternative interpretations and propose the integration of these results with recent models of action decisions under perceived urgency to advance the understanding of threat-related decision-making.