The Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest racial and ethnic group in the United States, accounting for 20% of the total population (68 million), plus approximately 3 million Hispanic Americans residing in Puerto Rico. Herein, the American Cancer Society reports cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for US Hispanic people using federally funded, high-quality, population-based cancer registry data and national vital statistics and survey data. In 2026, an estimated 229,900 Hispanic people will be diagnosed with cancer, and 54,200 will die from the disease in the continental United States and Hawaii. Cancer incidence during 1998-2022 rose in Hispanic women (from 345 to 385 per 100,000) and fell in Hispanic men (from 471 to 389 per 100,000), narrowing the male-to-female incidence rate ratio from a peak of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.38-1.42) in 2002 to 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00-1.02; p = .02) in 2022. This pattern is partly driven by declining incidence of lung and prostate cancers among men and increasing incidence of breast and uterine corpus cancers among women. Although temporal trends mirror the general population, the Hispanic cancer distribution is distinct, consistent with relatively lower prevalence of smoking, alcohol drinking, and screening and higher prevalence of obesity and cancer-causing infections. Compared with White people, Hispanic people have one half the incidence of lung and urinary bladder cancers and 24% lower breast cancer but double the rate of liver, stomach, and gallbladder cancers, 61%-65% higher acute lymphocytic leukemia, and 36% higher cervical cancer. The cancer burden in Puerto Rico is distinct, with lower rates of lung cancer but higher rates of cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancers compared with other US Hispanic populations. Residents in Puerto Rico also experience lasting health care system challenges from extreme weather events. Thus, prevention efforts should target the unique cancer profile of the Hispanic population, including infection prevention and control, healthy eating, physical activity, and routine screening, especially for cervical and colorectal cancer that are 11 percentage points lower than White people.

Obesity is a multifactorial disorder associated with systemic metabolic alterations and increased risk of renal injury, largely driven by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Bioactive lipids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been shown to exert protective effects; however, their instability and susceptibility to oxidation may limit their therapeutic potential. In this study, we investigated the effects of a capybara oil-based nanoemulsion (NE-CO) on renal dysfunction in a mouse model of obesity. Male mice were subjected to diet-induced obesity and treated with NE-CO (100 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure, urinary biomarkers, and renal morphology were evaluated. In addition, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis were assessed to elucidate potential mechanisms. NE-CO treatment significantly reduced body mass and systolic blood pressure, while improving renal function, as evidenced by decreased proteinuria and normalization of urinary creatinine levels. Histological and ultrastructural analyzes revealed marked improvements in renal cortical organization. These effects were accompanied by reduced expression of pro-inflammatory markers, enhanced antioxidant defenses, and attenuation of fibrotic remodeling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NE-CO mitigates obesity-induced renal injury, at least in part, through modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotic pathways. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of bioactive lipid delivery systems in the context of metabolic and renal disorders.

Chronic arsenic exposure can affect multiple organ systems, notably the nervous system and hematopoietic tissue. We present three family members (two sisters and a brother) who developed subacute symmetric sensorimotor neuropathy with skin manifestations and anemia. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Urinary arsenic levels were markedly elevated in all three patients. The source of common exposure was found to be over-the-counter homeopathic medication that all three family members were taking. These cases underscore the importance of suspecting arsenic toxicity as a cause of unexplained neuropathy in appropriate settings.

Proteins serve as important biomarkers for clinical diagnostics, and a simple detection method for point-of-care applications is highly desirable. We developed an antibody-detecting resistive biosensor that utilizes a conductive network of gold (Au) nanoparticles for the detection of protein biomarkers. The proposed biosensor comprises two electrodes bridged by a functional film comprising Au nanoparticles, a polymer matrix, and target-specific antibodies, and the nanoparticle concentration is selected within an experimentally identified percolation transition region to achieve high sensitivity to small changes in resistance. In experiments, the electrical response of the proposed biosensor showed reliable concentration-dependent behavior, consistent with charge-mediated modulation of electron transport within the conductive network. When applied to detecting urinary growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as the target protein, the proposed biosensor exhibited a detection range of 23.4-1500 pg/mL and a fast response time of approximately 30 s, which would allow the tracking of dynamic changes in protein concentration. These results demonstrate that the proposed biosensor provides a simple and effective method for detecting various biomarkers in real time. The sensing concept may be extendable to other antigen-antibody systems, providing a potential general platform for biomolecular sensing.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but can cause a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting multiple organ systems. Although common irAEs are well characterized, immune-related cystitis is rare and may pose a significant diagnostic challenge, particularly when urine cytology demonstrates atypical urothelial cells that mimic high-grade urothelial carcinoma. We present the case of a 55-year-old man with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who developed hematuria and non-bacterial cystitis during pembrolizumab therapy in the setting of multiple other irAEs, including hypophysitis resulting in secondary adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism. Following the onset of hematuria, computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated an acute cystitis picture. Importantly, there was no evidence of urinary calculi or progression of pelvic metastatic disease to otherwise explain his symptoms. Urine cytology subsequently showed marked urothelial atypia concerning for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, creating a significant diagnostic dilemma. Cystoscopic evaluation, however, revealed a normal bladder mucosa without erythema, lesions, or findings suggestive of carcinoma in situ; no biopsy was performed. The absence of an identifiable urothelial malignancy or bacterial infection, together with the temporal association with pembrolizumab and the patient's concurrent multisystem irAEs, supported an immune-related etiology. This case highlights the potential for ICI-associated cystitis to produce cytologic atypia that closely mimics high-grade urothelial carcinoma and underscores the importance of integrating cytomorphologic findings with clinical history, radiologic and cystoscopic findings, microbiologic studies, and treatment history to avoid misdiagnosis. Recognition of this rare irAE is essential for appropriate management and prevention of unnecessary interventions.