Mucoepidermoid carcinoma generally arises from salivary glands, representing 5 to 10% of all salivary tumors. It is rarely seen in the jaws. The purpose of this paper was to report the case of a large mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in the maxilla of a 15-year-old.

The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) is the technique most often employed for the treatment of hydrocephaly, but may present complications after placement. Retrograde migration of the peritoneal catheter to the cervical region is rarely reported. This manuscript to describes a case of migration of the distal portion of the VPS system to the neck after dental treatment in a child and discusses the possible causes for this complication.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predicitve factors of dental anxiety among Brazilian adolescents.This was a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 340 Brazilian adolescents, done between 2005 and 2010. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and an objective questionnaire were used to determine the degree of dental anxiety.The prevalence of moderate to severe dental anxiety was approximately 18%. Dental anxiety was correlated with the following factors: gender (P<.05), age group (P<.001), degree of schooling (P<.001), access to newspapers and/or the Internet (P<02), oral hygiene frequency (P=.005), visits to the dentist (P<.02), reason for last visit to the dentist (P<.001), and experience with dental pain (P=.002).Dental fear and anxiety in Brazilian adolescents are associated with lack of economic resources, negligence of oral health, low educational level, female gender, and younger age.

Pediatric mandibular fractures are often the sequelae of facial skeletal injuries in patients with trauma and frequently require hospitalization. Due to the retrusive mid-face position relative to the calvarial prominence, facial fractures are rare in children younger than 5 years of age. Although rare, they most often occur as a result of motor vehicle accidents. The purpose of this report is to describe the management of a mandibular symphysis fracture in a 3-year-old boy with displacement between the primary mandibular left central and lateral incisors. The fracture was reduced and the fractured segment was stabilized under general anesthesia with a prefabricated acrylic splint with circum-mandibular wiring. Children have greater osteogenic potential and faster healing rates than adults; therefore, anatomic reduction in children is best accomplished earlier.

The study's purpose was to survey directors of pediatric dental residency programs in order to evaluate the materials currently being taught and used for pulpotomy procedures for primary teeth in educational and clinical settings.A web-based survey was emailed to all graduate pediatric dental residency program directors in the United States.Seventy one emails were sent to program directors, 47 responded but only 39 respondents (55%) were included in the study. Results suggested a slight decrease in utilization of formocresol 1:5 dilution (P<.01) and an increase in both ferric sulfate (P<.05) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; P<.02) utilization for primary tooth pulpotomy procedures. The most common reasons for elimination of formocresol (18% of respondents) were systemic health concerns and carcinogenicity, in addition to evidence-based literature. Even though 25% of respondents have begun to use MTA for primary pulpotomy procedures, the most common reason for utilization of other medicaments over MTA was its higher cost.With 82% of graduate pediatric dental residency programs still utilizing formocresol 1:5 dilution for pulpotomy procedures in primary teeth, there has been no major shift away from its clinical use, in spite of increased usage of newer medicaments over the last 5 years.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), previously known as juvenile chronic arthritis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is a chronic disease of childhood with a spectrum of joint involvement and associated systemic involvement. The cause of JIA is poorly understood, and no drugs can cure the disease currently. Pediatric dentists should be familiar with the symptoms, complications, and oral manifestations of JIA to help manage the disease and provide quality care to these patients. The purpose of this case report is to review the condition and to describe the case of an adolescent with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, focusing on specific recommendations for dental management.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a flowable glass ionomer cement (GIC) layer application on bond strength to sound (SD) and carious primary dentin (CD).Flat dentin surfaces from primary molars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (N=5) according to substrate (SD or CD; pH-cycling for 14 days); and layers of GIC (1 layer/control [regular powder/liquid ratio] or 2 layers [first a flowable GIC layer and second a regular powder/liquid ratio layer of GIC]). After 24 hours of water storage, specimens were prepared to be evaluated with the microtensile test (1 mm/min). The fracture pattern was evaluated at 400X magnification (stereomicroscope).The bond strength to SD was higher than to CD when GIC was inserted in 2 layers (P=.02). No significant difference was observed between 1 or 2 layers of GIC insertion (P>.05). For all groups, adhesive/mixed fracture prevailed.The effect of applying the flowable GIC layer on bond strength to dentin is dependent on substrate and results in an increase in adhesion for sound primary dentin.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of 3 one-bottle adhesives with different solvents added under the fissure sealant on intact etched enamel.A total of 100 sound mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 5 groups (N=20). Occlusal pits and fissures were sealed with an unfilled fissure sealant (FS) material. Study groups included: (1) phosphoric acid etching + FS (control); (2) acid etching + Adper Single Bond 2 + FS; (3) acid etching + OptiBond Solo Plus + FS; (4) acid etching + One-Step Plus + FS; and (5) no pretreatment (FS alone). After aging and thermocycling, specimens were placed in 0.5% fuchsin, sectioned, and evaluated by digital microscope. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance of P<.05.Group 5 (FS alone) showed the greatest microleakage, which was significantly different from the other groups (P<.05). Group 4 showed the lowest microleakage, followed by groups 3 and 2. No significant differences existed among groups 1 to 4 (P>.05).Conventional acid etching alone or with a one-bottle adhesive that contained different solvents of acetone, ethanol, or ethanol/water combination yielded similar sealing results in sealant therapy.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of mandibular incisor agenesis with other dental anomalies in Japanese orthodontic patients.A total of 52 subjects with 1 or 2 congenitally missing permanent mandibular lateral incisors (group A) were selected and divided into group 1a (26 subjects with 1 lateral incisor missing) and group 2a (26 subjects with 2 lateral incisors missing). Fifty two sex-matched subjects without agenesis of the mandibular lateral incisor served as controls (group C). Radiographs, study models, and medical and dental records were used to identify anomalies of teeth.The prevalence rate of agenesis of teeth other than the mandibular lateral incisors and third molars was significantly increased in group A. Agenesis of the maxillary second premolars was significantly increased in groups 2a and A. Significantly increased prevalence rates of symmetrical tooth agenesis, with third molars excluded, and third molar agenesis were observed in group 1a and A.Japanese subjects with agenesis of 1 or 2 permanent mandibular lateral incisors have significantly increased prevalence rates of other permanent tooth agenesis and symmetrical tooth agenesis.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the types, causes, and other factors associated with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the permanent teeth of children in Mosul, Iraq.Data were collected from the dental records of 6- to 12-year-old children with TDIs who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic at the Mosul University School of Dentistry between October 2006 and October 2010. The gathered data included: demographic information, when and where the injury occurred, type of dental injury, cause of injury, and the time elapsed between the TDI and dental care. Data were evaluated using the chi-square test.A total of 294 children with TDIs were examined and treated. The highest frequency of TDIs was among 12-year-old children (29%), with more males being affected (P<.001). The most common type of injury was enamel-dentin fracture (56%). The most frequent cause of TDIs was falls (53%). The majority of the injuries happened outdoors (55%), and 37% of the cases occurred in the Fall. Only 5% of patients sought dental care within 24 hours of the injury.This 4-year retrospective study showed that the majority of children with TDIs sought dental treatment after one month of the injury. Educating parents and teachers about the benefits of trauma prevention and immediate treatment of injuries is a must.