BackgroundThe health of caregiving grandparents is a critical area of research. Financial strain is a well-established predictor of health and a common issue for caregiving grandparents.ObjectiveWe sought to understand how community context influences this relationship between financial strain and health. Specifically, we examined two dimensions of community context: community distress and perceived access to key resources for caregiving.MethodsUsing a sample of caregiving grandparents (N = 439), we first conducted Latent Class Analysis to identify distinct profiles of resource access. We then used moderated mediation analyses to test whether financial well-being mediated the relationship between community distress and health, and whether this indirect effect varied by resource access profile.ResultsWe found the relation between community distress and health through financial well-being varies depending on the grandparents' perceived resource access. This research points to the importance of community context in the lives of grandparent caregivers.

Latinx patients possess a rich cultural background and shared heritage; they also possess culturally distinct medical beliefs and practices, including beliefs around mental health and interactions with mental health systems. Most forms of psychotherapy were not developed for Latinx populations, and the efficacy of existing and novel forms of psychotherapy in Latinx patients as a group has received precious little study. In this study, we review psychotherapy and telepsychotherapy interventions for Latinx patients with mental health disorders. We conducted a literature review applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, using search criteria involving terms such as "Hispanic," "Latinx," "psychotherapy," and "telepsychiatry." We selected peer-reviewed articles on psychotherapeutic interventions within U.S.-based Latinx populations and excluded studies that summarized existing findings, had limited generalizability, or involved treatments outside the study's scope. Using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE Ovid databases, we identified 45 articles for our final review. We examined the efficacy of these treatments across depressive, anxious, and other psychiatric disorders in U.S. Hispanic participants to establish both areas of strength in current approaches and areas of ongoing need for improvement. Evidence surrounding therapy and teletherapy in Latinx patients has focused on reducing the burdens of depression, anxiety, and substance use. Culturally adapted behavioral therapies, delivered both in-person and remotely, are the most studied forms of therapy in these populations. Comparative effectiveness studies have been limited, with many studies reporting simple pre-post differences and differences versus status quo or waitlist controls. Limited evidence shows that teletherapy can expand access for rural and limited English proficiency groups and be cost-effective compared with in-person care. The current evidence base around psychotherapy in Latinx patients supports culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)/behavioral therapies, delivered in-person and via telehealth, as effective, acceptable, and often cost-effective for Latinx populations across depression, anxiety/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorders, and substance use. Other forms of psychotherapy have also shown promise but are less well studied. Across conditions and interventions, family involvement and targeted cultural adaptations appear to improve both engagement and outcomes.

Brain injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia is a concern for individuals exposed to high-altitude environments. This study evaluated the protective potential of prophylactic selenium-enriched Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (SeLRS) administration in C57BL/6 mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Results showed that just 1 day of hypoxic exposure induced significant anxiety-like, depressive-like, and cognitive impairments, accompanied by hippocampal-amygdala structural damage, a decreased glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid ratio, and elevated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Critically, injury related abnormalities were still evident after 7 days of exposure, indicating that hypobaric hypoxia-associated brain injury was sustained under prolonged exposure conditions. Oral administration of SeLRS significantly improved behavioral and cognitive deficits, reduced neuroinflammation, attenuated hippocampal-amygdala damage. SeLRS administration was also associated with altered whole-brain glutamate content and amelioration of gut microbiota dysbiosis. 16S rRNA sequencing showed changes in the relative abundances of several taxa, including Muribaculum, Clostridium, Prevotella, and Akkermansia, which have previously been linked to neurotransmitter-related metabolic pathways. Overall, these findings support the potential of the complete SeLRS preparation as a probiotic-based nutritional strategy for mitigating hypobaric hypoxia-associated brain injury.