The efficient removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater remains a significant challenge due to their limited degradability in conventional treatment processes and interference of humic acid (HA).Biological ion exchange (BIEX) has emerged as a promising alternative technology, integrating the adsorption capacity of resin with biodegradation capability of attached microorganisms. This work investigated the performance of BIEX system constructed with magnetic polyacrylic resin (NDMP) for removing ibuprofen (IBU) and diclofenac (DCF) under HA stress, benchmarked against systems constructed with commercial A860 resin and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). NDMP system exhibited superior steady-state removal of IBU (100%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 70%), and DCF (29%), outperforming A860 and HDPE. While initial removal was dominated by adsorption, long-term stability was sustained by biodegradation, with biological contributions exceeding 63% for DOC and 96% for IBU in NDMP system. NDMP supported greater attached biomass (9.5 vs. 3.3 mg/mL carrier on HDPE) and metabolic activity (2.2 vs. 0.6 μg ATP/mL carrier on HDPE). Crucially, NDMP selectively enriched fungal populations (7.2 vs. 1.1 × 10[8] copies/g microorganisms). Antifungal assays using amphotericin B quantitatively confirmed that fungi accounted for approximately 20% of IBU removal in NDMP system and 13% of IBU removal in HDPE system, consistent with their level of fungal abundance. Under HA stress, bacterial diversity declined, whereas fungal diversity increased. These findings underscore the advantage of NDMP as BIEX carrier and provide explicit evidence for the role of fungi in PPCPs removal, which has been largely overlooked in previous BIEX research.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by persistent pain and impaired quality of life, with limited effective treatment options. Emerging evidence indicates that cannabinoids may provide analgesic and symptom-relieving effects in chronic pain conditions. This prospective single-center cohort study investigated the effects of standardized oral cannabis extracts (cannabinoid-based medicinal products, CBMPs) on pain and quality of life in women with endometriosis. Thirty premenopausal women aged 18-45 years with confirmed endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain were enrolled; 27 completed the 3-month treatment period. Participants received oral CBMPs containing a balanced THC: CBD ratio. Pain intensity, frequency of pain episodes, analgesic use, fatigue, anxiety, central sensitization, disability, and quality of life were assessed using validated questionnaires (VAS, EHP-30, PDI, CFS, GAD-7, CSI). Significant improvements were observed after one month of treatment, with continued benefit over three months. Pain intensity decreased markedly (p = 0.0004), accompanied by reductions in the number of pain days and analgesic use, including both NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, diclofenac) and opioid analgesics (e.g., tramadol, tilidin, oxycodone) (p < 0.001). Fatigue (p = 0.0013), anxiety (p < 0.0001), central sensitization (p < 0.0001), disability (p < 0.0001), and overall quality of life (EHP-30) improved significantly. Treatment was well tolerated; side effects were predominantly mild (severity score 1 on a 0-3 scale) and transient, occurring mainly during the titration phase and declining thereafter. Although limited by its single-center design, lack of placebo control, and short follow-up, this study provides preliminary evidence that oral CBMPs may represent a safe and effective adjunct therapy for managing pain and related symptoms in women with endometriosis. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings and establish optimal dosing strategies.

To evaluate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and UGT2B7 genes on postoperative pain intensity and analgesic response in patients receiving preoperative ibuprofen or diclofenac before endodontic treatment. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 191 patients who required endodontic treatment. Patients were randomized to receive ibuprofen 600 mg (n = 61), diclofenac 100 mg (n = 65), or placebo (n = 65). The medications were administered preoperatively, 30 min before the endodontic treatment. Postoperative pain intensity together with analgesic consumption as the primary clinical outcomes was assessed using a visual analog scale at 6, 12, and 24 h and on days 2, 3, 5, and 7 postoperatively and analgesic consumption was recorded during the follow-up period. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and UGT2B7 were analyzed in all participants. The relationship between genotypes and postoperative pain scores and analgesic response was statistically evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences among the drug groups in terms of postoperative pain levels. However, in the diclofenac group, the CYP2C8 rs10509681 polymorphism was associated with significantly higher postoperative pain scores at 24 h and on day 2. These findings provide preliminary evidence that genetic variation in CYP2C8 may influence the analgesic response to diclofenac following endodontic treatment. However, these exploratory findings require confirmation in larger, independent studies before their clinical relevance can be established.

The growing presence of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic systems underscores the need for effective and efficient treatment processes capable of eliminating persistent contaminants under mild conditions. In this study, bismuth sulfoiodide (BiSI) was investigated as a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for the abatement of diclofenac potassium from aqueous media. Orthorhombic bismuth sulfoiodide nanorods were synthesized via a solution-phase method and comprehensively characterized using multiple analytical techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed the phase purity of crystalline BiSI, whereas UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) revealed strong visible-light absorption with an optical band gap of 1.65 eV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images showed uniform nanorod morphology with an average width of 148 ± 46 nm and an average length of 2.84 ± 1.37 μm, indicating a high aspect ratio. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of Bi[3+], S[2-], and I[-] ions, consistent with the BiSI lattice structure. The photocatalyst demonstrated excellent performance under visible-light irradiation, achieving 95.2% removal of the parent diclofenac potassium, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, within 120 min. The reaction was described by a pseudo-first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with an apparent rate constant of 2.999 × 10[-2] min[-1]; however, the moderate fitting indicates that this model does not represent ideal pseudo-first-order kinetic behavior.

Methane emissions from manure management contribute substantially to greenhouse gas release. Compost biofilters offer a sustainable approach for methane mitigation through the activity of methane oxidizing bacteria. However, thermophilic compost biofilters remain poorly characterized compared with mesophilic systems. This study investigated a full-scale thermophilic compost biofilter treating manure derived gas to evaluate the impact of nutrient availability on methane oxidation performance, and the potential for simultaneous removal of organic micropollutants. Batch experiments at 50 °C revealed spatial variation in methane oxidation, with the highest oxidation rates occurring near the gas distribution layer, where microbial biomass and diversity were the highest. Nutrient addition increased methane oxidation by up to 211% in nutrient-limited areas, demonstrating that nutrient availability can constrain biofilter performance. Elemental analyses showed declines of 20%-50% in most nutrients and trace metals, within a year operation, although methane oxidation remained consistently high throughout operation. The compost also degraded several organic micropollutants during methane oxidation, with sulfamethoxazole and benzotriazole achieving up to 78% and 66% removal, respectively, while diclofenac, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide, alachlor-ESA, and dimethyl sulfide showed moderate removal of 8%-28%. Microbial community was highly diverse and metabolically versatile, comprising more than 750 genera. Gas quality profiles yielded strong microbial stratification over time. These findings demonstrate that thermophilic compost biofilters are effective, low-cost systems for simultaneous methane mitigation and removal of selected organic micropollutants, relying on complex microbiomes.

Global water insecurity increasingly exposes the limitations of centralized water treatment infrastructure, which relies on rigid, sequential unit operations that are poorly suited to decentralized, emergency, and resource-constrained situations. Here, we introduce a scalable carbon sponge (CS) platform that integrates mechanically tunable filtration, chemical adsorption, and electrically-assisted filtration and adsorption within a single adaptive architecture. Derived through facile carbonization of melamine sponge, the base CS features a hierarchical porous framework (specific surface area >700 m[2]/g) that can be reconfigured in situ via mechanical compression, surface modification, and low-voltage polarization to meet diverse purification needs. In its compressed state, the CS functions as a depth filter with an ultrahigh flux (1.8× 10[6] L·m[-2]·h[-1]·bar[-1]), achieving complete turbidity removal and >99.9 % bacterial retention. When chemically functionalized, the modified carbon sponge (mCS) serves as a high-capacity adsorbent (268.5 mg/g for diclofenac) for emerging and recalcitrant organic micropollutants, demonstrating stable and substantial organic removal. When electrically charged, the mCS becomes an active flow-through electrode (EmCS) for electrosorption, enabling low-voltage capture of nutrient pollutants and ionic impurities while facilitating electrochemical self-cleaning. By utilizing a single adaptive material platform for filtration, adsorption, and electrosorption functions, this work exemplifies a transition from additive treatment trains toward integrated, adaptive multifunctional systems, providing a versatile solution for resilient, decentralized water purification.

A series of 1-(4-Chorophenyl)-3Aryl-1-H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde derivatives were synthesized under the microwave irradiation (MW) technique. IR, [1]H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm the structure of the synthesized compounds. The newly synthesized Pyrazole aldehydes were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-tubercular activity. Among them, the compounds 4c and 4e exhibited significant reduction of LPS-induced COX-2 protein levels across all tested concentrations. Whereas compounds 4f and 4j exhibited sensitivity to tuberculosis at the lowest concentration of 6.25 µg/mL, which was comparable to that of the standard drug pyrazinamide. Molecular docking against the Crystal structure of diclofenac bound to the cyclooxygenase active site of COX-2 (PDB ID: 5KIR) also supports the experimental results. The molecular docking studies have demonstrated their better-fit potential as anti-inflammatory agents.

Diabetes is a leading global cause of mortality and disability, with foot complications often resulting in amputation. Digital (toe) amputations are particularly common due to neuropathy, ischemia, and infection, and are frequently followed by delayed healing. This case describes a 66-year-old diabetic male who underwent multiple toe amputations on his right foot. Despite successful surgery, wound healing was slow. A compounded topical powder was prescribed, containing phenytoin, piperacillin, tazobactam, misoprostol, aloe vera, and beta glucan in a novel powder-to-hydrogel, film-forming topical compounding base (EctoSeal P2G™). Applied twice weekly for three months, the treatment led to complete wound closure without complications. The patient initially reported a poor quality of life, scoring 58 out of 68 on the Wound-QoL-17 questionnaire. By the end of treatment, both clinical progress and patient-reported outcomes indicated significant improvement. This case supports the key role of pharmacist-led, individualized wound therapies in post-amputation care.