BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a common condition that adversely affects work productivity, and a significant proportion of individuals with acute insomnia disorder (AID) eventually develop chronic insomnia disorder (CID). However, it remains unclear whether workplace impairment and daily activity impairment occur early in the course of insomnia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 295 AID and 305 CID participants. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between insomnia, workplace and daily activity impairment, and related factors (daytime sleepiness, depressive and anxiety symptoms). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was also conducted to explore nonlinear relationships. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the potential mediating effects of daytime sleepiness and depressive and anxiety symptoms between insomnia and workplace and daily activity impairment. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the AID and CID groups in presenteeism or productivity-loss costs (P>0.05). Insomnia severity, daytime sleepiness, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were the correlated factors of workplace and daily activity impairment (P<0.05). A nonlinear relationship between depressive symptoms and presenteeism, as well as between daytime sleepiness and daily activity impairment, was identified in both groups (Poverall<0.01, Pnonlinearity<0.05). Mediation analysis showed that in the AID group, depressive symptoms mediated the effects on absenteeism and daily activity impairment (mediation proportions: 37.02% and 28.61%, respectively). In the CID group, anxiety symptoms had a greater mediating effect on presenteeism and daily activity impairment (mediation proportions: 53.01% and 31.70%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Presenteeism and productivity-loss costs occur in AID and are comparable with those resulting from CID. Depressive and anxiety symptoms are also important mediators of workplace and daily activity impairment in AID. We recommend investing in portable and effective interventions to improve work productivity.

Following the relaxation of pandemic control measures in China, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on cognitive function in the Chinese population has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess cognitive function and identify its risk factors in the subacute phase (<3 months) of COVID-19 patients during the epidemic wave of the Omicron variant. In this nationwide smartphone-based online assessment from January 15 to 29, 2023, the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA) and the Number Ordering Test (NOT) were used to assess cognitive function. Among the 9663 participants, 8905 (92.2%) were COVID-19 survivors. These patients performed poorly on most neuropsychological results (P<0.05); however, after controlling for socio-demographics, only the ICA accuracies were lower (P<0.05, partial η2≤0.001). After the initial recovery, 5832 (65.5%) COVID-19 survivors reported inflexible thinking, 5419 (60.9%) noted slowed information processing speed, and 4344 (48.8%) reported insomnia. Female sex, older age, low education level, living in Northwest China, and insomnia were significantly associated with poor performance on the key neuropsychological results (range, absolute β values 0.023‒0.430, P<0.05). In the subacute phase of COVID-19, subjective cognitive complaints were highly prevalent, whereas objective cognitive differences were subtle. Despite the mild overall impact, vulnerable subgroups-such as females, older adults, individuals with low education level, and patients with insomnia-showed greater susceptibility to these cognitive changes.

Aims: Insufficient sleep and increasing body mass index (BMI) are two emerging, and often related, public health concerns. Limited attention has been given to how insomnia is associated with BMI, particularly in subarctic regions with extreme seasonal climate and daylight differences. We aimed to investigate the association between insomnia and BMI among community-dwelling residents of Tromsø, Norway stratified by sex. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7). We included 15,364 participants aged 40-65 years, who had complete BMI measurements and insomnia questionnaires. Sex-stratified multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between insomnia and BMI. Socioeconomic, lifestyle, health, and biological factors were included as covariates. Results: The overall prevalence of insomnia was 29.7%, with a higher prevalence among women (33.9%) compared with men (25.0%). The association between insomnia and BMI was statistically significant for both sexes. In the final multivariable model, compared with sex-specific non-insomniacs, insomniacs had on average 0.43 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 to 0.64) higher BMI among men and 0.27 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.51) higher BMI among women. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant association between insomnia and BMI in both sexes within the Tromsø population and can be a basis for longitudinal and experimental studies investigating causality and evaluation of the association between insomnia and BMI.

Over-usage and unsafe usage of mobile devices can affect the sleep negatively. This study was conducted among Sri Lankan doctors using an online questionnaire to assess their practices. Evidence from 633 doctors in this study showed, majority of 494 (78%) takes the phone to the bed when going to sleep and 403 (63.7%) used to watch at them at least 10 mins prior to sleep. The usage of effect minimizing options like blue-light filter, low / autoadjustable brightness and dark theme were used only by 227 (35.9%), 384 (60.7%) and 201 (31.8%) participants, respectively. This highlighted the importance of increasing awareness.

Sleep quality is a determinant of health, and insomnia could be a risk factor for brain health. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (last search August 2025) to identify systematic reviews with meta-analysis (SMRAs) that evaluated insomnia as a predictive factor of dementia, stroke, depression, suicide, death, occupational injuries, and hospitalization. Sixteen SMRA were included, and three additional original systematic reviews were conducted for stroke, occupational injuries and hospitalization, as no published SMRAs were found on these topics. SRMAs consistently identified insomnia as a predictor of dementia, depression, suicide, while death was not associated with this disorder. Our two original SMRAs revealed that insomnia is a predictor of stroke (9 studies, 1,343,164 participants, HR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.05-1.53) and hospitalization for any reason (5 studies, 517,620 participants, OR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.14-1.43). With regard to occupational injuries, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis of the results of the two studies retrieved (143,942 participants). Although an association was found with unintentional fatal injuries and with commuting injuries, data should be considered insufficient to draw a conclusion on this outcome. This work contributes to better defining the association between insomnia and the key descriptors of brain health and possible links to general health.