Although lidocaine is the internationally accepted International Nonproprietary Name (INN), the alternative term lignocaine continues to be used in English-language dental literature. However, patterns and consistency of terminology usage within individual publications have not been systematically investigated. This scoping review systematically mapped terminology usage in 526 English-language dental articles related to local anesthetics or local anesthesia techniques identified through searches of PubMed and Web of Science. Articles were classified into three groups according to terminology usage: Lidocaine (Lido), Lignocaine (Ligno), and Lidocaine+Lignocaine (Lido+Ligno). Terminology usage was compared between the Title/Abstract/Keywords (TAK) and Full Text (FT), and a proportion difference was calculated to evaluate differences across dental specialties and geographic regions. The Lido group predominated in both TAK and FT, whereas the proportion of the Lido+Ligno group increased in FT. The proportion difference was negative for the Lido and Ligno groups but positive for the Lido+Ligno group. Asia showed the largest differences between TAK and FT, with distinctive terminology patterns observed in India, whereas terminology usage remained relatively consistent in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Although lidocaine remains the predominant spelling in English-language dental literature, concurrent use of lidocaine and lignocaine within individual publications is common. These findings highlight the importance of consistent terminology in dental academic communication. The analytical framework presented in this study may also be applicable to investigations of other synonymous medical and dental terms.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification performed using topical cyclopentolate (Cykloftyal) vs standard intracameral mydriatic and anesthetic combination (Mydrane) in patients undergoing implantation of enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses. MATERIAL AND METHODS The medical records of 100 patients (100 eyes, 50 per group) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients received either intracameral Mydrane alone or topical cyclopentolate with intracameral lidocaine. Pupil diameter at the start and end of surgery, surgical duration, visual acuity, intraoperative complications, and postoperative adverse events were compared. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in surgical duration between the intracameral Mydrane group (8.80 min) and the topical cyclopentolate plus intracameral lidocaine group (9.24 min; P=0.54), nor in postoperative visual acuity at any distance. However, the initial pupil diameter was significantly larger in the topical cyclopentolate group (7.39±0.47 mm) than in the intracameral Mydrane group (6.08±1.05 mm; P<0.005), indicating a very large clinical effect size (Cohen's d=1.61). Pupil size at the end of the procedure showed no significant difference between the groups. No major intraoperative complications, such as posterior capsule rupture, were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, topical cyclopentolate served as a safe and effective alternative to intracameral mydriasis, offering significantly wider initial pupil dilation while maintaining comparable surgical efficiency in uncomplicated cataract cases. Given its cost-effectiveness and wide accessibility, it remains a valuable strategy for resource-limited settings and complex cases requiring maximal visualization. Its potential utility in complex cases requiring maximal visualization remains a hypothesis to be evaluated in future prospective studies.

Chronic low back pain with radiating lower-extremity symptoms in the absence of clear radiculopathy or major central canal stenosis remains a common diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In patients with radiating low back pain without a convincing compressive correlate, posterior myofascial structures may be considered among several potential contributors; however, the present report evaluates the anatomical feasibility of a distal thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) hydrodissection approach rather than a clinical pain generator. We developed an ultrasound-guided hydrodissection technique targeting the distal TLF deep to the gluteus maximus and inferior to the sacroiliac joint. This technical report describes the clinical rationale, procedural technique, and cadaveric dye-spread assessment of injectate distribution and gross neural sparing. The technique was developed for a selected clinical context characterized by chronic low back pain radiating to the posterior thigh or calf, intact motor function, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that may include fatty infiltration of the lower lumbar multifidus, with or without involvement of the gluteal origin region, after limited or unsustained benefit from standard image-guided interventions. For the described clinical technique, the symptomatic side would receive 10 mL of injectate prepared to a final concentration of 15% dextrose with 0.1% lignocaine. For cadaveric assessment, three fresh-frozen cadavers (two male, one female; mean age 74.3 years) underwent bilateral ultrasound-guided injection of the same target plane, yielding six injected sides. Each side received 10 mL of undiluted 1% methylene blue. Layered dissection demonstrated cephalad spread to approximately the L3 level in six out of six sides (100%). Multifidus staining occurred in six out of six (100%) and longissimus thoracis staining in six out of six (100%), whereas iliocostalis lumborum staining occurred in 0 out of six (0%). Partial proximal sacrotuberous ligament staining was observed in six out of six (100%). No gross dye was observed in the sciatic nerve, sacral plexus, neural foramina, or epidural space in 0 out of six sides (0%). In this fresh-frozen cadaver model, ultrasound-guided injection at the distal TLF-gluteal junction was technically achievable and produced a consistent gross cephalad dye-spread pattern toward the posterior fascial-paraspinal region. Because both sides of each cadaver were injected, the present design was not intended to determine contralateral crossover. These cadaveric findings do not exclude microscopic spread and do not establish histologic or in vivo safety. They also do not establish safety or efficacy of the described injectate formulation at this target in living patients. This report should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than evidence of clinical effectiveness or safety.

The rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterials. In this study, silver-iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-FeO NPs) were phyto-synthesized using Traganum nudatum seed extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, and their physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity were systematically evaluated. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption peak at 359 nm, providing supportive evidence of nanoparticle formation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed functional groups at 1,645 and 3,315 cm[-1], indicating the involvement of plant-derived phytochemicals in nanoparticle stabilization. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed heterogeneous spherical and rod-like nanostructures with moderate aggregation, while scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy qualitatively indicated the presence of silver and iron, together with oxygen and carbon. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed an average hydrodynamic particle size of 7.3 nm and a broad particle size distribution (PDI = 0.60), with a zeta potential of -1.36 mV. GC-MS profiling identified bioactive metabolites, including 3-(octanoyloxy)propane-1,2-diyl bis(decanoate), n-hexadecanoic acid, hentriacontane, and lidocaine, potentially contributing to nanoparticle synthesis and bioactivity. Ag-FeO NPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. SEM analysis of C. albicans revealed severe ultrastructural damage, including surface deformation and cell wall disruption. Ag-FeO NPs produced greater reductions in MCF-7 cell viability than in MCF-10A non-tumorigenic epithelial cells, although a clear concentration-dependent response was not observed within the tested range. Computational prediction analyses using PASS, SwissTargetPrediction, SwissADME, and ProTox-II indicated that several identified phytochemicals possess antimicrobial and antineoplastic potential together with favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. Overall, the integration of green synthesis, experimental validation, and computational modeling highlights the potential of T. nudatum-mediated Ag-FeO NPs as effective and sustainable agents for biomedical applications.

Despite the recent therapeutic advances, approximately one-third of patients with chronic migraine fail to achieve clinically meaningful benefit, and existing oral preventive therapies remain limited by tolerability and off-target effects. There is, therefore, a pressing need for new, well-tolerated, mechanistically distinct preventive treatments for chronic migraine. This hypothesis article evaluates the pharmacological and biological rationale supporting guanfacine as a potential preventive therapy for chronic migraine.

This study investigated the local inhibition of a reflexive cutaneous nociceptive response produced by nalbuphine and naloxone after subcutaneous administration and compared their pharmacological profiles with those of lidocaine. At the single equimolar dose tested (39.3 μmol/kg), nalbuphine produced significantly greater local cutaneous nociceptive blockade than naloxone. Dose-response analyses were subsequently performed for nalbuphine and lidocaine. Both nalbuphine and lidocaine produced dose-dependent local cutaneous nociceptive blockade, and no significant difference in ED50 (50% effective dose) values was observed between the two drugs. Nalbuphine (65.5 μmol/kg) and lidocaine (52.4 μmol/kg) achieved complete cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (CTMR) blockade (100% of the maximal possible effect), with no statistically significant differences observed in complete block time, full recovery time, or area under the curve. Isobolographic analysis demonstrated that the experimentally derived ED50 did not differ significantly from the theoretical additive ED50, indicating no evidence of departure from additivity under the conditions tested. Time-course analysis further confirmed no significant differences in the magnitude or duration of CTMR blockade between single drugs and their combination. These findings indicated that, at the single equimolar dose tested, nalbuphine produced greater local cutaneous nociceptive blockade than naloxone. No statistically significant difference in ED50 values was observed between nalbuphine and lidocaine, and the interaction between nalbuphine and lidocaine was consistent with additivity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1753113.].