A molecularly imprinted signal-on electrochemiluminescence (MIECL) sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the Ru(bpy)3[2+] luminescence system was developed for rapid and highly sensitive detection of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt (PCP-Na). In this design, PCP-Na acts as both the imprinting template and the ECL co-reaction accelerator, enabling target-driven signal amplification. Enhanced dual-channel electron transfer provides highly sensitive and selective detection of trace PCP-Na under experimental conditions. Under optimized parameters, the ECL signal exhibited a linear relationship (R[2] = 0.9990, LOD = 0.0060 μg/L) with the logarithm of PCP-Na concentration from 0.010 μg/L to 50.0 μg/L. Recoveries for seawater and three biological samples ranged from 85.0% to 114.0%, and relative standard deviations did not exceed 2.9%. The proposed MIECL sensor demonstrated high selectivity in real-sample analysis and shows strong potential for rapid determination of PCP and PCP-Na in environmental matrices.

We are in a new era of unprecedented therapeutic possibilities in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, disease-modifying therapies alone will not fix a care system that leaves prevention, chronic comorbidity management, and mental health behind. Patient-centered SCD care must address the whole person, not hematology care alone.

Patients with high need and high costs (HNHCs) are frequent users of emergency departments (EDs), and some of their visits may be avoidable with better access to primary care. A better understanding of the reasons for ED use of HNHC patients can inform cost containment and quality improvement efforts. Our goal was to identify reasons for ED visits based on categories of services received by HNHC patients during the visit and to examine the likely role of different categories of primary care providers (PCPs) in reducing potentially preventable visits. We used the 2018 California Medicaid enrollment and claims data for HNHC patients with at least 1 PCP visit and 1 ED visit followed by discharge. These patients generated 539,798 ED visits. We conducted latent class analysis to classify visits and logistic regressions to examine associations between PCP type, visit, and patient characteristics with ED classes. We identified 6 classes of ED visits and considered 2 as acute care and 4 as nonacute care classes. The latter included a large class of ED visits (51%) by patients who received the fewest procedures. Patients within this group were more likely to have chronic and mental health conditions, weekend ED visits, live in rural locations, and attend group practices and health centers funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration. Our findings suggest that expanding after-hours services, providing medical emergency hotlines, and delivering comprehensive services within primary care may help circumvent costly and frequent nonacute ED visits among HNHC patients.

A stereo- and regioselective Fe-(II)-catalyzed hydroboration of both terminal and internal alkynes with pinacolborane (HBpin) is described. The hydroboration reaction is in all cases highly syn-selective. The reaction requires no additives and proceeds with a catalyst loading of 1-2 mol % at 45-55 °C. An active pre-catalyst is the bench-stable alkyl Fe-(II) complex [Fe-(PCP[CH2]-iPr)-(CH2CH2CH3)-(CO)2]. This complex reacts with an excess of HBpin to form the Fe-(II) pinacolborane complex [Fe-(PCP[CH2]-iPr)-(κ[2]-H2BPin)-(CO)], which is an equally active pre-catalyst but more difficult to handle, as it decomposes in the absence of substrates. Both pre-catalysts afford the highly reactive hydride catalyst [Fe-(PCP[CH2]-iPr)-(H)-(CO)] under catalytic conditions. A broad variety of aromatic and aliphatic alkynes were efficiently and selectively borylated. Mechanistic insights are provided based on experimental data and DFT calculations.

A 71-year-old man with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia developed probable Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) 10 months after completing bendamustine-rituximab (BR) therapy and 7 months after discontinuing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis. His CD4-positive T-cell count was 37 cells/μL, and no other apparent risk factors, including human immunodeficiency virus infection, were identified. While his condition improved with TMP-SMX, his CD4-positive T-cell count had only recovered to 183 cells/μL by 18 months after completing BR therapy. This case suggests that prolonged CD4-positive T-cell depletion after BR therapy may contribute to late-onset PCP and it highlights the importance of an individualized assessment of immune recovery and PCP prophylaxis.

Spinning samaras provide a promising biological basis for small wind turbine rotors, but the engineering translation of their three-dimensional morphology and the mechanisms governing performance losses below and above the low-tip-speed-ratio optimum remain insufficiently understood. In this study, a small horizontal-axis wind turbine rotor was developed from a µCT-informed engineering reconstruction of an Acer buergerianum samara. Its aerodynamic performance was evaluated using transient URANS simulations with the SST k-ω model and a sliding mesh, supported by grid and time-step sensitivity studies and validation against NREL Phase VI torque measurements. At U = 5 m/s and λ = 3, increasing the blade number from two to five raised C_p from 0.2445 to 0.3767, whereas a sixth blade provided only a further 1.01% increase. Among the sampled pitch angles, β = 20° produced the highest C_p of approximately 0.388. For N_b = 5 and β = 20°, a refined sweep identified a near-flat peak over λ ≈ 3.0-3.25 and a high-efficiency interval defined by C_p/C_p,max ≥ 0.90 of λ ≈ 2.28-3.70. For the same configuration, C_p at λ = 3 increased from 0.3698 to 0.4021 as Re_0.75R increased from 1.23 × 10^5 to 3.69 × 10^5. Mechanistic analysis showed that the peak is sustained by a continuous positive power-contribution band over the mid-to-outer span. At low TSR, suction-side separation, near-wake recirculation, and axial-velocity deficit restrict the effective work-producing region; at high TSR, viscous resisting torque largely cancels the pressure-driven torque. Together, these findings explain the low-TSR peak and provide mechanism-based guidance for blade-number selection and TSR control of the present samara-derived rotor.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) represents a significant global economic burden and remains the primary constraint on Ethiopia's livestock economy and international trade. This desk review synthesized 60 years of data (1957-2025) using a structured, multidatabase search across four domains: disease, genotype/lineage, geographic spread, and temporal context. Data were stratified into three periods: Period I (1957-1980), Period II (1981-2000), and Period III (2001-2025). Results indicate that Period I saw the identification of serotypes O, A, and C, though serotype C has not been detected after 1983. Period II was marked by the continued circulation of serotypes O and A, and the first emergence of Serotype SAT 2 near the Kenya-Ethiopia border, which temporarily disappeared until its major re-emergence in 2007. Period III is characterized by a significant intensification and modernization of FMD virus (FMDV) outbreak investigation that provided more granular data on viral activity in the country. The period saw four major endemic serotypes O, A, SAT 2, and SAT 1, SAT one being confirmed for the first time during this period, circulate simultaneously and covering the entire country. Molecular analyses revealed a heterogeneous landscape: serotype O is dominated the serotype distribution in the country by its O/EA-3 and O/EA-4 topotypes, while serotype A involving complex lineages (Africa G-I, G-IV, and G-VII) follows in serotype O and precedes serotype SAT 2 in distribution. Notably, serotype SAT 2 has historically comprised four topotypes (IV, VII, XIII, and XIV), with the recent dominance of the re-emergent SAT 2/XIV topotype. The global biosecurity threat posed by FMDV SAT 2 topotype XIV stems from its unprecedented transcontinental dissemination into immunologically naive regions, rather than inherent lethality. This expansion highlights the complex evolutionary dynamics of the virus and the vulnerability of current surveillance system. The global dissemination of emerging lineages, such as SAT 2 topotype XIV, underscores the complex evolutionary dynamics and environmental plasticity inherent across all FMDV serotypes. The rapid shift of these viruses into nonendemic territories highlights critical vulnerabilities in existing biosecurity. Ultimately, these dynamics necessitate a shift toward adaptive, multiserotype surveillance and integrated control frameworks to address the continuous antigenic evolution and geographical expansion of the virus. Advancing Ethiopia along the progressive control pathway (PCP-FMD) is critically contingent upon evaluating the protective efficacy of current trivalent vaccines against rapidly evolving field strains. Immediate intervention is required to address diverged genotypes that jeopardize both national herd health and international market access.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes significant losses for livestock farmers in affected countries and regions, including Southeast Asia, where several countries are progressing through different stages of the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) under diverse resource settings. The PCP, developed by the World Organization for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, is an outcome-oriented strategy designed to support progress toward the elimination of FMD. In this review paper, we propose an evidence-based framework linking epidemiological tools to each PCP stage requirements based on studies conducted in eight Southeast Asian countries through peer-reviewed research and gray literature. The findings indicate that Stage 1 progression is supported through risk-factor analyses, seroprevalence studies, and participatory epidemiology, while Stage 2 relies on spatial analyses and evaluations of control strategies. Progression to Stage 3 requires evidence of active surveillance systems for rapid detection of new viral incursions, whereas later stages depend on risk assessment, sustained surveillance, and restricting transboundary animal movement. Regional challenges include underreporting, surveillance-system deficiencies, and inconsistent vaccination monitoring. The framework proposed herein provides a practical approach for aligning the generation of evidence with PCP requirements. Ultimately, strengthened regional collaboration that coordinates transboundary risk management is crucial for progress toward sustainable FMD control in Southeast Asia.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) compared with sham stimulation on circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), pain-related outcomes, working memory, and inflammatory and neuroplasticity biomarkers. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to May 2026. Randomized and controlled clinical trials comparing active with sham tDCS in adults were included. The primary outcome was post-treatment BDNF concentration. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, pain-related disability and functional interference, working memory, and circulating inflammatory or neuroplasticity biomarkers. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Serum and plasma BDNF were analyzed separately. Results: Twenty-one studies were included in the systematic review, of which 15 contributed to at least one quantitative synthesis and 12 study comparisons contributed to the primary BDNF analyses. Active tDCS did not significantly affect serum BDNF (MD = -0.01 [-0.15, 0.13], p = 0.890) or plasma BDNF (MD = 0.02 [-0.25, 0.29], p = 0.870) compared with sham stimulation. In contrast, active tDCS was associated with lower pain intensity (MD = -1.79 [-2.34, -1.23], p < 0.00001). No statistically significant difference was observed in the PCS total score or in the helplessness, magnification, or rumination subscales, although the point estimates generally favored active tDCS. For pain-related disability and functional interference, active tDCS was associated with lower PCP:S total scores and lower emotional interference, whereas no significant differences were observed for interference with daily activities or pain frequency. No significant differences were observed for working memory, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-18, or soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors. Substantial heterogeneity was present in several pain-related and inflammatory biomarker analyses. Conclusions: Active tDCS was not associated with consistent differences in circulating serum or plasma BDNF or in the assessed peripheral inflammatory and neuroplasticity biomarkers compared with sham stimulation; however, these null peripheral findings should not be interpreted as evidence of absent central neuroplastic effects, because circulating measures may not adequately capture localized or transient biological changes within the central nervous system. Active tDCS was associated with improvements in some pain-related outcomes; however, the limited number of studies, substantial heterogeneity, and low certainty of the available evidence preclude firm conclusions regarding its clinical effectiveness for pain management.

IntroductionScreening for lung, breast, and cervical cancer can reduce morbidity and mortality by enabling earlier detection and treatment. However, participation remains below target levels, particularly among individuals experiencing marginalization. While primary care providers (PCPs) can play a key role in improving screening uptake, few reviews have focused on interventions targeting individuals experiencing marginalization that are aimed at PCPs, delivered by PCPs, or that occurred in a primary care setting.MethodsThe aim of this scoping review was to examine the extent and types of PCP interventions implemented to increase lung, breast, and cervical cancer screening uptake among individuals experiencing marginalization and identify gaps to inform future practice and research. We searched for studies of PCP interventions aimed at increasing lung, cervical, and/or breast cancer screening among marginalized populations in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, EBSCO CINAHL Complete and Ovid EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2000 to March 31, 2022. Title, abstract, and full-text articles were screened, and data extraction was performed by three independent reviewers. The charted data were summarized using narrative synthesis.ResultsForty-two studies were included: 13 for cervical cancer, 15 for breast cancer, one for lung cancer, and 13 on multiple cancer sites. Interventions included education (for both patients and PCPs), self-collected human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, patient navigation, clinic system tools, event-based, and multicomponent. Increases in screening rates were observed across various intervention types for breast and cervical cancer, with multi-site interventions evaluated based on their reported effects on breast and cervical cancer screening independently.ConclusionsEducational interventions demonstrated the greatest effectiveness for breast cancer screening, and self-collected HPV testing demonstrated the greatest effectiveness for cervical cancer screening. There is a clear gap in the literature regarding interventions aimed at increasing lung cancer screening participation, and further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions. Screening programs and PCPs should consider targeted strategies to support greater participation among individuals experiencing marginalization.