The influence of ZnII, FeII, and CoIII metal centers on the photoisomerization of a pentadentate azopyridine ligand, a potential scaffold for ligand-driven light-induced spin change (LD-LISC) systems, is investigated. Steady-state UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy reveal a systematic increase in the cis-isomer fraction in the photostationary state from the FeII to the CoIII to the ZnII complex. Time-resolved electronic absorption spectroscopy links these trends to distinct competing ultrafast relaxation pathways. While the ZnII complex exhibits predominantly ligand-centered (LC) excited-state dynamics, the FeII analogue shows rapid population of low-lying metal-centered (MC) quintet states, as we reported previously. The isoelectronic CoIII complex exhibits an alternative relaxation pathway that partially restores the desired photoswitching behavior; however, weak signatures of a long-lived excited-state species remain detectable. Spectroelectrochemical measurements combined with quantum chemical calculations identify a 3MC state as the most likely origin of this residual signal. These findings further highlight the critical role of charge-transfer states in controlling photoswitching efficiency and underscore fundamental limitations in the design of LD-LISC systems.

Background: Despite more than 30 licenced antiseizure medications (ASMs), approximately one third of people with epilepsy remain drug-resistant, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies represent one of the greatest unmet needs in epilepsy therapeutics. The past decade has produced a substantial reorientation of ASM discovery, driven by epilepsy genetics, new disease models, advances in drug screening, and innovative therapeutic modalities. Objective: The objective of this study was to review the contemporary clinical-stage pipeline of ASMs with novel or differentiated mechanisms of action, organized by molecular target, while placing recent regulatory successes and instructive failures within the broader transition toward mechanism-based, precision, and potentially disease-modifying therapies. Findings: A 2024 pipeline analysis identified more than 200 epilepsy therapies in preclinical or clinical development; at the cutoff of the present literature search (30 June 2026), over 40 compounds had reached phase II or III, with the majority directed at DEEs. Functional-state-selective sodium channel modulation has emerged as a leading conceptual advance supported by converging mechanistic and early clinical evidence, exemplified by relutrigine (PRAX-562), a preferential persistent-current inhibitor for which a regulatory decision is pending in SCN2A/SCN8A-DEEs, and vormatrigine (PRAX-628), whose large open-label effect was not reproduced in a controlled (blinded) trial. Several of the efficacy figures summarized here derive from congress presentations, interim analyses, or open-label extensions and await full peer-reviewed publication. Parallel advances include the selective Kv7 opener azetukalner; the dual-mechanism benchmark cenobamate; cholesterol-24-hydroxylase inhibition (soticlestat); selective serotonergic agonism (bexicaserin); glutamatergic precision agents (radiprodil); subtype-selective GABAA modulators (darigabat, ganaxolone); and gene-directed therapies (zorevunersen, elsunersen). Pre-symptomatic intervention in tuberous sclerosis complex provides an early, single-trial clinical proof of principle for delaying and reducing the incidence of epilepsy in a genetically defined population; this should not yet be equated with established disease prevention. Conclusions: The pipeline reflects an ongoing shift from broad symptomatic agents toward mechanism-led, genotype-matched, and potentially disease-modifying treatments. This shift is tempered by a persistent translational gap between early signals and randomized-trial confirmation, and by the preliminary status of much of the supporting evidence.

Feline plasma cell pododermatitis is an uncommon disease, particularly in cases with concurrent nasal involvement. The underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. We present a case report of feline plasma cell pododermatitis with nasal lymphoplasmocytic dermatitis. The feline patient exhibited signs of soft, diffuse swelling across multiple paw pads, severe swelling of the nasal bridge and mild pruritus. Histopathology revealed predominant plasma cell infiltration in the paw pads, whereas nasal biopsies showed lymphoplasmocytic inflammation. This case supports the hypothesis that feline plasma cell pododermatitis may represent a hypersensitivity-associated reaction pattern rather than being a strictly distinct disease entity.

This narrative review critically summarizes and classifies the available literature on the relationship between nutrition, nutritional status, and neoplastic diseases in dogs. The evaluation shows that there is evidence of associations between nutritional status and certain tumor entities as well as their prognosis. However, the underlying studies often display relevant methodological limitations, and at times the evidence is weak. For individual nutrients and nutritional components only few, sometimes contradictory data are available and the reported effects are mostly minor or of merely limited clinical relevance.

A nine-year-old Trakehner mare was presented three days after an episode of severe epistaxis, showing intermittent foul-smelling nasal discharge with feed material and rostral displacement of the upper incisor teeth. Radiographic and computed tomography examinations revealed a complete comminuted fracture of the right side and an oblique complete fracture of the left side nasal processes of the incisive bone and maxillary bone, as well as open fractures of the nasal septum and palatine bone with displacement of the incisor part rostrally and development of an oronasal communication. The fracture was treated by osteosynthesis using a locking compression plate on the left side of the incisive bone and cerclage wire connecting incisors and premolars of the upper jaw on both sides. Pressure on the fracture line during mastication was reduced by adjusting incisor length. Soft tissues of the hard palate were closed with sutures and managed with daily flushing of the oronasal communication. The mare showed good clinical condition during the whole treatment period. 9-week follow-up examination showed good upper jaw stability and cosmesis. CT-examination confirmed proper bone alignment and complete soft tissue healing.

Neonatal diarrhea remains one of the most frequent causes of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss in calves worldwide. The clinical consequences in affected animals are primarily attributable to fluid losses and consecutive dehydration, but also to the occurrence of metabolic acidosis and associated imbalances in potassium homeostasis. In calves with neonatal diarrhea, metabolic acidosis mainly results from the accumulation of strong anions, in particular D-lactate, which arises from bacterial fermentation processes of undigested nutrients within the gastrointestinal tract. Increased blood D-lactate concentrations not only contribute substantially to the development of metabolic acidosis but are also responsible for most of the clinical signs such as depression, weakness, impairment of the ability to stand, and alterations of the palpebral reflex.

The knowledge regarding Babesia canis infections in puppies is limited to 3 dogs aged 43-46 days. A 45-day-old, male intact German Shepherd dog was presented due to lethargy, inappetence, and gait disorders. An acute Babesia canis infection was diagnosed by PCR. Marked thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia were noted. A subcutaneous injection of imidocarb dipropionate (ID, 2.0 mg/kg bodyweight) was applied. The puppy's general condition significantly improved, but vomitus was noted. A negative PCR and mild hematological abnormalities were seen 14 days later. A second subcutaneous injection of ID (4.2 mg/kg bodyweight) was applied. Babesia canis infections should be considered in puppies with fever, marked thrombocytopenia, and marked anemia in the immunological gap. Next to vectorial transmission, transplacental Babesia canis infections are reported but considered unlikely in the presented puppy. The puppy responded well to a lower-ranged dose of ID, but side effects were noted (vomiting). In adult dogs, treatment of acute Babesia canis infections using ID dosed 6.6 mg/kg bodyweight is recommended. No safety regulations are published by the manufacturer regarding the use of ID in puppies, but vomitus is reported as a potential side effect after the use in adult dogs. A second ID injection (4.2 mg/kg bodyweight) was applied to avoid a potential disease relapse. The case report highlights the significance of the immunological gap in puppies with Babesia canis infections and the need for ectoparasite prophylaxis in puppies, if vector contact is possible.

Results of former communication behavior studies in psychiatric jeopardizing situations should be replicated by mean of speech act analysis.