Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the environment is crucial for reducing its transmission, particularly in hospitals, nursing homes, and high-contact public areas. Rapid Point-of-Need (PON) tools at healthcare facilities, without involving prolonged bacterial culture in sophisticated laboratories, are needed for environmental surveillance of MRSA. We have developed a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based "Swab-and-Stain" assay for rapid and on-site detection of PBP2a-expressing MRSA from environmental surfaces. The assay utilizes anti-PBP2a antibody immobilized on cotton swabs to specifically capture PBP2a-expressing MRSA and anti-MRSA antibody conjugated on AuNPs to detect the captured MRSA on the swabs via sandwiched complex formation. In the presence of PBP2a-expressing MRSA, the swabs were stained in red, as seen with the naked eye. The color intensity of the stain can be quantified by smartphone image analysis for MRSA quantification. Using PBP2a-expressing MRSA samples spiked in real hospital sink and drain matrices, this pilot study demonstrated a "Swab-and-Stain" assay as a proof-of-concept method for detecting MRSA at a concentration as low as 12 CFU/mL. The assay was validated to specifically detect MRSA spiked in real hospital sink and drain matrices. This "Swab-and-Stain" assay provides a rapid, portable, and easy-to-use platform with potential application for PON environmental surveillance of MRSA.

We report a case of delayed-onset hyphema with reflux bleeding adjacent to the PreserFlo MicroShunt (PFM) tube entry site. A 66-year-old Japanese man with bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma underwent PFM implantation in the left eye because of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and progressive visual field loss despite treatment with four topical anti-glaucoma agents. He had previously undergone cataract surgery and microhook ab interno trabeculotomy (μLOT) in the same eye. Because of insufficient IOP control and further visual field progression after PFM implantation, Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation with pars plana tube insertion was subsequently performed in combination with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. At two years and three months after PFM implantation, a small number of red blood cells were observed floating in the anterior chamber. Gonioscopy showed that the PFM tube was positioned between the pigmented and non-pigmented trabecular meshwork, with reflux bleeding from both sides of the tube entry site. The previous μLOT clefts did not overlap with the PFM tube entry site. The hyphema resolved with observation alone, although possible recurrence was noted six months later. This case demonstrates that delayed-onset hyphema can occur more than two years after PFM implantation and that careful gonioscopic examination can help identify the source of bleeding.

A woman in her mid-50s presented with lifelong poor vision and progressive, painless bilateral visual deterioration. Clinical evaluation revealed markedly reduced visual acuity, elevated intraocular pressure, bilateral inferior iris coloboma, zonular laxity, nuclear cataracts, partially closed angles and hypoplastic trabecular meshwork. Sequential phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation combined with a 120° goniotomy was performed in both eyes. Intraoperatively, residual embryonic tissue overlying the trabecular meshwork and a diminished red reflex were observed. Postoperatively, the patient experienced rapid improvement in visual acuity and intraocular pressure, with restoration of corneal clarity and wide opening of the anterior chamber angles within 1 week. Fundus examination subsequently revealed an inferonasal choroidal coloboma with retinal vessels traversing the defect. At 1-year, visual acuity remained significantly improved and intraocular pressure was stable without medication, with no complications such as hypotony or retinal detachment. This case demonstrates the safety and efficacy of combined cataract extraction and goniotomy in patients with complex anterior segment anomalies associated with iris and choroidal coloboma.

Developing an Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement (AIEE) type probe with enhanced emission through metal ion-induced methods has been a significant challenge. In this work, we synthesized an AIEE fluorescent chemosensor P1 via a Schiff base reaction by 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carbaldehyde and 2,4-difluorophenylhydrazine. Experimental results demonstrate that chemosensor P1 exhibits AIEE behavior in DMSO/glycerol mixed solvents. Significantly, this probe exhibits multifunctionality in ethanol solution: (1) specific recognition of Zn[2+]/Cd[2+] ions against other cations; (2) colorimetric discrimination of concentration-dependent under white light; (3) metal ion-triggered red luminescence observed in the solution is similar to the characteristic emission signatures of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-driven molecules in methanol. The system demonstrates good linear relationships between fluorescence intensity and ion concentration within specific ranges in ethanol: For Cd[2+]: 4.0 × 10[-7]-2.2 × 10[-6] mol·L[-1] with a detection limit of 9.11 × 10[-8] mol·L[-1]; For Zn[2+]: 2.0 × 10[-7]-2.0 × 10[-6] mol·L[-1] with a detection limit of 1.02 × 10[-7] mol·L[-1]. Thus, chemosensor P1 is capable of detecting both Cd[2+] and Zn[2+] with significant red fluorescence enhancement, which establishes a new strategy for designing ESIPT Schiff-base probes.

The red-bellied piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858, is one of the most widespread and economically important freshwater fishes in the Amazon and De La Plata basins, yet the factors driving its morphological variation remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the influence of geographic structure and environmental heterogeneity on body shape variation across the Bolivian Amazon and De La Plata basins using geometric morphometrics. A total of 144 specimens from five river sub-basins (Beni, Mamoré, Iténez, Orthon [Amazon Basin], and Paraguay [De La Plata Basin]) were analyzed using 16 anatomical landmarks and 36 semilandmarks. Shape variation was assessed through Generalized Procrustes Analysis, Procrustes ANOVA, PCA, and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Geographic factors included sub-basin affiliation and the presence of major rapids, whereas environmental factors included water type (white vs. clear/black water), water origin (Andean, lowland, and Brazilian Shield), and habitat (lentic vs. lotic). Geographic subdivision among basins and sub-basins was the strongest determinant of body shape variation, explaining 7.7% of the total variation and having a stronger effect than all other factors. Water type (3.1%) and water origin (2.9%) also had significant effects, indicating that watershed-scale environmental characteristics contribute to morphological differentiation. In contrast, rapids exerted only a weak effect (1.5%), whereas habitat type did not significantly influence body shape. Eye morphology exhibited a different pattern, being associated primarily with geographic subdivision, rapids, and habitat, but not with water type or water origin. These findings demonstrate that body shape variation in P. nattereri is driven principally by historical and biogeographic processes associated with drainage configuration, while regional environmental gradients linked to water type and watershed origin provide additional sources of phenotypic differentiation. The contrasting responses of body and eye morphology suggest that different morphological traits may be influenced by distinct ecological and evolutionary processes. This study provides new insights into the relative importance of historical and environmental drivers of intraspecific morphological diversification in a widespread Neotropical freshwater fish.

An 80-year-old woman presented with a painful red eye four months after XEN gel stent implantation for primary open-angle glaucoma. Examination revealed an exposed gel stent through a conjunctival defect, corneal edema, hypopyon, and vitreous membranes, consistent with acute exogenous endophthalmitis. She underwent vitreous aspiration with intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime, followed by pars plana vitrectomy with stent explantation and silicone oil tamponade. Vitreous cultures grew Abiotrophia defectiva, recovered on routine media and identified to species by automated phenotypic testing within 6 hours, without molecular confirmation. Following silicone oil removal, vision returned to her baseline of 5/200, limited by prior central retinal vein occlusion. This represents the second reported case of A. defectiva endophthalmitis associated with an exposed gel stent. Contemporary automated identification may reduce diagnostic delay for this organism, though isolate-level susceptibility testing remains essential to guide targeted therapy.