This procedure is contraindicated for:

• Patients with bleeding disorders, especially those associated with uremia and cytotoxic chemotherapy.
• Patients with pulmonary hypertension.
• Patients with cardiac conditions or dysrhythmias.
• Patients with disorders that limit extension of the neck.
• Patients with severe obstructive tracheal conditions.
• Patients with or having the potential for respiratory failure; introduction of the bronchoscope alone may cause a 10 to 20 mm Hg drop in Pao₂.

Factors Impair Results Examination:

• Inability of the patient to cooperate or remain still during the procedure because of age, significant pain, or mental status.
• Metallic objects within the examination field (e.g., jewelry, earrings, and/or dental amalgams), which may inhibit organ visualization and can produce unclear images.

Other Considerations:

• Hypoxemic or hypercapnic states require continuous oxygen administration.
• Failure to follow dietary restrictions before the procedure may cause the procedure to be canceled or repeated.