Nursing Central: Hyperlipoproteinemia

Hyperlipoproteinemia

INTRODUCTION

DRG Category: 642

Mean LOS: 4.9 days

Description MEDICAL: Inborn Errors of Metabolism

classification section:

Hyperlipoproteinemia is a condition of increased lipoprotein particles (fats) in the blood caused by an increased rate of synthesis or a decreased rate of lipoprotein breakdown. Because lipoproteins transport triglycerides and cholesterol in the plasma, an increased level may cause pancreatitis and atherosclerosis.

Lipids are a mixed group of biochemical substances manufactured by the body or derived from metabolism of ingested substances. The plasma lipids (cholesterols, triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids) are derived from dietary sources and lipid synthesis. Cholesterol and triglycerides are implicated in atherogenesis. Hyperlipemia, also known as hyperlipidemia, occurs with elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels or both and is present in all hyperlipoproteinemias.

Hyperlipidemia, an elevation of serum cholesterol or triglycerides, can be primary or secondary to another underlying condition. Lipoprotein elevation, or hyperlipoproteinemia, is described by five specific types: types I, II, III, IV, and V (Table 3).

Types of Hyperlipoproteinemia

TYPE	DEFINITION AND CAUSE	ASSESSMENT	LIPID LEVEL
I	Fat-induced hyperlipidemia or idiopathic familial hyperlipidemia, which is a rare condition caused by deficient or abnormal lipase; rare genetic disorder that is present in infancy	Recurrent attacks of severe abdominal pain after fat intake; malaise; anorexia	Triglycerides 1,000–10,000+ mg/dL
II	Familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia and essential familial hypercholesterolemia because of deficient cell surface receptors	Chest pain from prematurely accelerated coronary artery disease; tendinous xanthomas (firm masses) on Achilles' tendons, tendons of hands and feet; juvenile corneal arcus (grayish ring around the cornea of the eye)	Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, elevated low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
III	Familial broad-beta disease xanthoma tuberosum caused by a deficient low-density lipoprotein receptor	Chest pain from early progression of atherosclerosis; xanthomas over elbows, knees, palms, and fingertips	Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides; elevated intermediate-density lipoproteins
IV	Endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and hyperbetalipoproteinemia with an idiopathic cause; often associated with obesity and diabetes	Chest pain from early progression of coronary artery disease; obesity, hypertension	Triglycerides < 1,000 mg/dL, normal cholesterol, elevated VLDL
V	Mixed hypertriglyceridemia from defective triglyceride clearance; often secondary to other disorders such as renal disease or obesity	Abdominal pain from pancreatitis; visual changes; xanthomas on arms and legs; enlarged liver and spleen	Triglycerides > 1,000 mg/dL, elevated cholesterol, normal LDL

Hyperlipoproteinemia has been found in Diseases and Disorders

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