Acute hepatic failure

Acute hepatic failure is a topic covered in the Diagnosaurus.

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Etiology

  • Viral: hepatitis B (common), A, D (in presence of B), E (especially in pregnancy), C (rare), HSV, CMV, infectious mononucleosis, parvovirus B19
  • Toxins (predictable): acetaminophen (common), Amanita mushrooms, tetracycline, valproic acid, carbon tetrachloride
  • Toxins (idiosyncratic): INH, NSAIDs, halothane, ecstasy, kava
  • Vascular: right-sided CHF, shock liver, portal vein thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome
  • Metabolic & other: Wilson's disease, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HELLP syndrome, Reye's syndrome, hyper- or hypothermia, lymphoma

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Etiology

  • Viral: hepatitis B (common), A, D (in presence of B), E (especially in pregnancy), C (rare), HSV, CMV, infectious mononucleosis, parvovirus B19
  • Toxins (predictable): acetaminophen (common), Amanita mushrooms, tetracycline, valproic acid, carbon tetrachloride
  • Toxins (idiosyncratic): INH, NSAIDs, halothane, ecstasy, kava
  • Vascular: right-sided CHF, shock liver, portal vein thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome
  • Metabolic & other: Wilson's disease, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HELLP syndrome, Reye's syndrome, hyper- or hypothermia, lymphoma

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