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Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1999 Nov 15; 215(10):1455-9.JA

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To determine magnesium (Mg) status in cats with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), evaluate changes in Mg status after treatment for DKA, and correlate Mg status with systemic blood pressure and degree of glycemic control.

DESIGN

Case series and cohort study.

ANIMALS

12 healthy cats (controls), 21 cats with DM, and 7 cats with DKA.

PROCEDURE

Serum total magnesium (tMg) and ionized magnesium (iMg) concentrations and spot urinary fractional excretion of magnesium (FEmg) were determined, using serum and urine samples obtained from all cats when they were entered in the study and from cats with DKA 12, 24, and 48 hours after initiating treatment. Indirect blood pressure and degree of glycemic control were determined in 10 and 21 cats with DM, respectively.

RESULTS

Initially, 2 and 13 cats with DM and 1 and 4 cats with DKA had serum tMg and iMg concentrations, respectively, less than the low reference limit (mean-2 SD) determined for controls. In cats with DKA, serum tMg concentration decreased significantly over time after initiating treatment. Urinary FEmg was significantly higher in cats with DM or DKA, compared with controls. Systemic hypertension was not detected nor was there a correlation between Mg status and degree of glycemic control in cats with DM.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Hypomagnesemia was a common finding in cats with DM and DKA and was more readily identified by measuring serum iMg concentration than tMg concentration. The clinical ramifications of hypomagnesemia in such cats remain to be determined.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Norris CR
Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8734, USA.
Nelson RW
No affiliation info available
Christopher MM
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AnimalsBlood PressureCase-Control StudiesCat DiseasesCatsCohort StudiesDiabetes MellitusDiabetic KetoacidosisFemaleGlycated Hemoglobin AMagnesiumMaleReference ValuesSpecific Pathogen-Free Organisms

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

10579041

Citation

Norris, C R., et al. "Serum Total and Ionized Magnesium Concentrations and Urinary Fractional Excretion of Magnesium in Cats With Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosis." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, vol. 215, no. 10, 1999, pp. 1455-9.
Norris CR, Nelson RW, Christopher MM. Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1999;215(10):1455-9.
Norris, C. R., Nelson, R. W., & Christopher, M. M. (1999). Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215(10), 1455-9.
Norris CR, Nelson RW, Christopher MM. Serum Total and Ionized Magnesium Concentrations and Urinary Fractional Excretion of Magnesium in Cats With Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1999 Nov 15;215(10):1455-9. PubMed PMID: 10579041.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. AU - Norris,C R, AU - Nelson,R W, AU - Christopher,M M, PY - 1999/12/1/pubmed PY - 1999/12/1/medline PY - 1999/12/1/entrez SP - 1455 EP - 9 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association JO - J Am Vet Med Assoc VL - 215 IS - 10 N2 - OBJECTIVE: To determine magnesium (Mg) status in cats with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), evaluate changes in Mg status after treatment for DKA, and correlate Mg status with systemic blood pressure and degree of glycemic control. DESIGN: Case series and cohort study. ANIMALS: 12 healthy cats (controls), 21 cats with DM, and 7 cats with DKA. PROCEDURE: Serum total magnesium (tMg) and ionized magnesium (iMg) concentrations and spot urinary fractional excretion of magnesium (FEmg) were determined, using serum and urine samples obtained from all cats when they were entered in the study and from cats with DKA 12, 24, and 48 hours after initiating treatment. Indirect blood pressure and degree of glycemic control were determined in 10 and 21 cats with DM, respectively. RESULTS: Initially, 2 and 13 cats with DM and 1 and 4 cats with DKA had serum tMg and iMg concentrations, respectively, less than the low reference limit (mean-2 SD) determined for controls. In cats with DKA, serum tMg concentration decreased significantly over time after initiating treatment. Urinary FEmg was significantly higher in cats with DM or DKA, compared with controls. Systemic hypertension was not detected nor was there a correlation between Mg status and degree of glycemic control in cats with DM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hypomagnesemia was a common finding in cats with DM and DKA and was more readily identified by measuring serum iMg concentration than tMg concentration. The clinical ramifications of hypomagnesemia in such cats remain to be determined. SN - 0003-1488 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/10579041/Serum_total_and_ionized_magnesium_concentrations_and_urinary_fractional_excretion_of_magnesium_in_cats_with_diabetes_mellitus_and_diabetic_ketoacidosis_ L2 - https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -