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Trends in incidence and prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible viral infections in US blood donors, 1991 to 1996. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS)
JAMA. 2000 Jul 12; 284(2):229-35.JAMA

Abstract

CONTEXT

Evaluating trends in blood donor infectious disease rates is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

To determine changes over time in blood donor population infection rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV).

DESIGN

Cross-sectional survey data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study.

SETTING

Five blood centers in different regions of the United States.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 1.9 million volunteer blood donors with 1 or more nonautologous donations from January 1991 to December 1996.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Changes in rates of HIV, HTLV, HCV, and HBV infections were evaluated by comparing yearly prevalence estimates (per 100,000 donations) for first-time allogeneic donors and period-specific incidence rates (IRs) (per 100,000 person-years) for repeat allogeneic donors between 1991 and 1996 (for HCV, from about March 1992 to June 1996).

RESULTS

Prevalence of HIV decreased in first-time donors from 0.030% to 0.015% (P=.006) and HCV prevalence decreased from 0.63% to 0.40% (P<.001). Trends were not statistically significant for the proportion of first-time donors with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or HTLV. For repeat donors, IRs did not change significantly, indicating a stable but low level of seroconversion. The overall IRs (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 person-years were 2.92 (2.26-3.70) for HIV, 1.59 (1.12-2.19) for HTLV, 3.25 (2.36-4.36) for HCV, and an estimated 10.43 (7.99-13. 37) for HBV (based on an HBsAg rate of 2.66 [2.04-3.41] with presumed false-positive results considered negative). The HBV IR estimate with presumed false-positive results considered positive (for comparability to previous analyses) was 17.83 (14.60-21.56).

CONCLUSION

The decrease in HIV and HCV prevalence rates, combined with the previously documented lower rates of infection in first-time donors compared with the general population, suggests the continued benefit of behavioral risk factor screening. JAMA. 2000;284:229-235

Authors+Show Affiliations

Glynn SA
Westat, WB 280, 1441 W Montgomery Ave, Rockville, MD 20850-2062. GlynnS1@westat.com
Kleinman SH
No affiliation info available
Schreiber GB
No affiliation info available
Busch MP
No affiliation info available
Wright DJ
No affiliation info available
Smith JW
No affiliation info available
Nass CC
No affiliation info available
Williams AE
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Blood BanksBlood DonorsBlood TransfusionCross-Sectional StudiesDeltaretrovirus InfectionsHIV InfectionsHepatitis BHepatitis CHumansIncidencePrevalenceRiskSerologic TestsUnited StatesVirus Diseases

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

10889598

Clinical Trial Links

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study I (REDS I)

Citation

Glynn, S A., et al. "Trends in Incidence and Prevalence of Major Transfusion-transmissible Viral Infections in US Blood Donors, 1991 to 1996. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS)." JAMA, vol. 284, no. 2, 2000, pp. 229-35.
Glynn SA, Kleinman SH, Schreiber GB, et al. Trends in incidence and prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible viral infections in US blood donors, 1991 to 1996. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS). JAMA. 2000;284(2):229-35.
Glynn, S. A., Kleinman, S. H., Schreiber, G. B., Busch, M. P., Wright, D. J., Smith, J. W., Nass, C. C., & Williams, A. E. (2000). Trends in incidence and prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible viral infections in US blood donors, 1991 to 1996. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS). JAMA, 284(2), 229-35.
Glynn SA, et al. Trends in Incidence and Prevalence of Major Transfusion-transmissible Viral Infections in US Blood Donors, 1991 to 1996. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS). JAMA. 2000 Jul 12;284(2):229-35. PubMed PMID: 10889598.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in incidence and prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible viral infections in US blood donors, 1991 to 1996. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) AU - Glynn,S A, AU - Kleinman,S H, AU - Schreiber,G B, AU - Busch,M P, AU - Wright,D J, AU - Smith,J W, AU - Nass,C C, AU - Williams,A E, PY - 2000/7/13/pubmed PY - 2000/7/13/medline PY - 2000/7/13/entrez SP - 229 EP - 35 JF - JAMA JO - JAMA VL - 284 IS - 2 N2 - CONTEXT: Evaluating trends in blood donor infectious disease rates is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To determine changes over time in blood donor population infection rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. SETTING: Five blood centers in different regions of the United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1.9 million volunteer blood donors with 1 or more nonautologous donations from January 1991 to December 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in rates of HIV, HTLV, HCV, and HBV infections were evaluated by comparing yearly prevalence estimates (per 100,000 donations) for first-time allogeneic donors and period-specific incidence rates (IRs) (per 100,000 person-years) for repeat allogeneic donors between 1991 and 1996 (for HCV, from about March 1992 to June 1996). RESULTS: Prevalence of HIV decreased in first-time donors from 0.030% to 0.015% (P=.006) and HCV prevalence decreased from 0.63% to 0.40% (P<.001). Trends were not statistically significant for the proportion of first-time donors with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or HTLV. For repeat donors, IRs did not change significantly, indicating a stable but low level of seroconversion. The overall IRs (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 person-years were 2.92 (2.26-3.70) for HIV, 1.59 (1.12-2.19) for HTLV, 3.25 (2.36-4.36) for HCV, and an estimated 10.43 (7.99-13. 37) for HBV (based on an HBsAg rate of 2.66 [2.04-3.41] with presumed false-positive results considered negative). The HBV IR estimate with presumed false-positive results considered positive (for comparability to previous analyses) was 17.83 (14.60-21.56). CONCLUSION: The decrease in HIV and HCV prevalence rates, combined with the previously documented lower rates of infection in first-time donors compared with the general population, suggests the continued benefit of behavioral risk factor screening. JAMA. 2000;284:229-235 SN - 0098-7484 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/10889598/Trends_in_incidence_and_prevalence_of_major_transfusion_transmissible_viral_infections_in_US_blood_donors_1991_to_1996__Retrovirus_Epidemiology_Donor_Study__REDS_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -