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Determination of the designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine.
Clin Chem. 2000 Dec; 46(12):1968-77.CC

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The popular designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3, 4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in serum, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix is interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological setting.

METHODS

After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a narrow-bore C(18) column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

RESULTS

The method was linear over the range of 2-1000 microg/L for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1-5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recoveries were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5-19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5-104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 microg/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 2.5 microg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent correlations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results were obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical distribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3-685 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 microg/L for 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7-710 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 microg/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1-97.8 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 microg/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14.62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA.

CONCLUSIONS

The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Clauwaert KM
Laboratory of Toxicology and Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Van Bocxlaer JF
No affiliation info available
De Letter EA
No affiliation info available
Van Calenbergh S
No affiliation info available
Lambert WE
No affiliation info available
De Leenheer AP
No affiliation info available

MeSH

3,4-MethylenedioxyamphetamineAnimalsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidDesigner DrugsHumansMass SpectrometryN-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamineRabbitsReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificitySpectrometry, FluorescenceSubstance Abuse DetectionVitreous Body

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

11106329

Citation

Clauwaert, K M., et al. "Determination of the Designer Drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine With HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine." Clinical Chemistry, vol. 46, no. 12, 2000, pp. 1968-77.
Clauwaert KM, Van Bocxlaer JF, De Letter EA, et al. Determination of the designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. Clin Chem. 2000;46(12):1968-77.
Clauwaert, K. M., Van Bocxlaer, J. F., De Letter, E. A., Van Calenbergh, S., Lambert, W. E., & De Leenheer, A. P. (2000). Determination of the designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. Clinical Chemistry, 46(12), 1968-77.
Clauwaert KM, et al. Determination of the Designer Drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine With HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine. Clin Chem. 2000;46(12):1968-77. PubMed PMID: 11106329.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. AU - Clauwaert,K M, AU - Van Bocxlaer,J F, AU - De Letter,E A, AU - Van Calenbergh,S, AU - Lambert,W E, AU - De Leenheer,A P, PY - 2000/12/6/pubmed PY - 2001/2/28/medline PY - 2000/12/6/entrez SP - 1968 EP - 77 JF - Clinical chemistry JO - Clin Chem VL - 46 IS - 12 N2 - BACKGROUND: The popular designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3, 4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in serum, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix is interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological setting. METHODS: After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a narrow-bore C(18) column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: The method was linear over the range of 2-1000 microg/L for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1-5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recoveries were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5-19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5-104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 microg/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 2.5 microg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent correlations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results were obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical distribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3-685 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 microg/L for 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7-710 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 microg/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1-97.8 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 microg/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14.62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA. CONCLUSIONS: The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. SN - 0009-9147 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/11106329/Determination_of_the_designer_drugs_3_4_methylenedioxymethamphetamine_34_methylenedioxyethylamphetamine_and_34_methylenedioxyamphetamine_with_HPLC_and_fluorescence_detection_in_whole_blood_serum_vitreous_humor_and_urine_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
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