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Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of emerging edible plants.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2001 Nov; 39(11):1045-53.FC

Abstract

This study evaluates the toxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of emerging edible plants that are consumed as new leafy vegetables in Taiwan. Among eight plant extracts, only the extracts of Sol (Solanum nigrum L.) showed cytotoxicity to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the absence of S9 mix. The toxicity of extracts from different parts of the Sol plant, such as leaf and stem, immature fruit and mature fruit, towards S. typhimurium TA100 and human lymphocytes was also assayed. The immature fruit extracts of Sol exhibited strong cytotoxicity with dose dependence and induced significant DNA damage in human lymphocytes based on the comet assay. However, no mutagenicity was found in eight plant extracts to TA98 or TA100 either with or without the S9 mixture. Sol and Sec [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz] extracts showed the strongest inhibitory effect towards the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100; the ID(50) was less then 1 mg/plate. Cra [Crassocephalum creidioides (Benth.) S. Moore] extracts also expressed moderate antimutagenic activities towards IQ and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) either in TA98 or in TA100; the ID(50) was 1.63-2.41 mg/plate. The extracts from Bas (Basella alba L.), Bou (Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var. pseudobaselloides Bailey), Cen (Centella asiatica L. Urban), Cor (Corchorus olitorius L.) and Por (Portulaca oleracea L.) showed weak to moderate inhibition of mutagenicity of IQ. However, the potential antimutagenicity of these plant extracts towards B[a]P was weaker than that towards IQ. For a direct mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQNO), only the Sol extracts showed strong inhibitory effects in the TA100 system. The antimutagenic activity of water extracts of Sec was partly reduced by heating at 100 degrees C for 20 min. The heat-stable antimutagens in Sec extracts could be produced in the plant extract preparation process. Fractions with molecular weights above 30,000 showed the strongest antimutagenicity and peroxidase activity in all the fractions of the Sec extracts.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Yen GC
Department of Food Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. gcyen@mail.nchu.edu.tw
Chen HY
No affiliation info available
Peng HH
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AnimalsAntimutagenic AgentsAntineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicComet AssayFruitHumansIn Vitro TechniquesLymphocytesMutagenicity TestsMutagensPhenolsPlant ExtractsPlantsRatsSalmonella typhimuriumTaiwanVegetables

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

11527563

Citation

Yen, G C., et al. "Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Emerging Edible Plants." Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, vol. 39, no. 11, 2001, pp. 1045-53.
Yen GC, Chen HY, Peng HH. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of emerging edible plants. Food Chem Toxicol. 2001;39(11):1045-53.
Yen, G. C., Chen, H. Y., & Peng, H. H. (2001). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of emerging edible plants. Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 39(11), 1045-53.
Yen GC, Chen HY, Peng HH. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Emerging Edible Plants. Food Chem Toxicol. 2001;39(11):1045-53. PubMed PMID: 11527563.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of emerging edible plants. AU - Yen,G C, AU - Chen,H Y, AU - Peng,H H, PY - 2001/8/31/pubmed PY - 2001/10/12/medline PY - 2001/8/31/entrez SP - 1045 EP - 53 JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association JO - Food Chem Toxicol VL - 39 IS - 11 N2 - This study evaluates the toxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of emerging edible plants that are consumed as new leafy vegetables in Taiwan. Among eight plant extracts, only the extracts of Sol (Solanum nigrum L.) showed cytotoxicity to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the absence of S9 mix. The toxicity of extracts from different parts of the Sol plant, such as leaf and stem, immature fruit and mature fruit, towards S. typhimurium TA100 and human lymphocytes was also assayed. The immature fruit extracts of Sol exhibited strong cytotoxicity with dose dependence and induced significant DNA damage in human lymphocytes based on the comet assay. However, no mutagenicity was found in eight plant extracts to TA98 or TA100 either with or without the S9 mixture. Sol and Sec [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz] extracts showed the strongest inhibitory effect towards the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100; the ID(50) was less then 1 mg/plate. Cra [Crassocephalum creidioides (Benth.) S. Moore] extracts also expressed moderate antimutagenic activities towards IQ and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) either in TA98 or in TA100; the ID(50) was 1.63-2.41 mg/plate. The extracts from Bas (Basella alba L.), Bou (Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var. pseudobaselloides Bailey), Cen (Centella asiatica L. Urban), Cor (Corchorus olitorius L.) and Por (Portulaca oleracea L.) showed weak to moderate inhibition of mutagenicity of IQ. However, the potential antimutagenicity of these plant extracts towards B[a]P was weaker than that towards IQ. For a direct mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQNO), only the Sol extracts showed strong inhibitory effects in the TA100 system. The antimutagenic activity of water extracts of Sec was partly reduced by heating at 100 degrees C for 20 min. The heat-stable antimutagens in Sec extracts could be produced in the plant extract preparation process. Fractions with molecular weights above 30,000 showed the strongest antimutagenicity and peroxidase activity in all the fractions of the Sec extracts. SN - 0278-6915 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/11527563/Evaluation_of_the_cytotoxicity_mutagenicity_and_antimutagenicity_of_emerging_edible_plants_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278691501000539 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -