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Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements.
Sleep. 2002 Mar 15; 25(2):213-8.S

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has shown associations with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) among small samples of referred children, but whether RLS or PLMS are common more generally among hyperactive children has not been well studied.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING

Two university-affiliated but community-based general pediatrics clinics.

PATIENTS

N=866 children (469 boys), aged 2.0 to 13.9 years (mean 6.8+/-3.2 years), with clinic appointments.

INTERVENTIONS

N/A.

MEASUREMENTS

A validated Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire assessed for PLMS (a 6-item subscale), restless legs, growing pains, and several potential confounds of an association between behavior and PLMS or RLS. Parents also completed two common behavioral measures, a DSM-IV-derived inattention/hyperactivity scale (IHS) and the hyperactivity index (HI, expressed as a t-score) of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale.

RESULTS

Restless legs were reported in 17% (95% C.I. [15, 20]) of the subjects. Positive HI scores (>60) were found in 13% [11, 16] of all subjects, 18% [12, 25] of children with restless legs, and 11% [9, 14] of children without restless legs (chi-square p<0.05). Odds ratios between HI>60 and each of the following were: a one-s.d. increase in the overall PLMS score, 1.6 [1.4, 1.9]; restless legs, 1.9 [1.1, 3.2]; and growing pains, 1.9 [0.9, 3.6] (all age and sex-adjusted). Results were similar for high IHS scores (>1.25). The associations between each behavioral measure and the PLMS score retained significance after statistical adjustment for sleepiness, snoring, restless sleep in general, or stimulant use.

CONCLUSIONS

Inattention and hyperactivity among general pediatric patients are associated with symptoms of PLMS and RLS. If either condition contributes to hyperactivity, the magnitude of association suggests an important public health problem.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Chervin RD
Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. chervin@umich.edu
Archbold KH
No affiliation info available
Dillon JE
No affiliation info available
Pituch KJ
No affiliation info available
Panahi P
No affiliation info available
Dahl RE
No affiliation info available
Guilleminault C
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleNocturnal Myoclonus SyndromePrevalenceReproducibility of ResultsSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and Questionnaires

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

11902431

Citation

Chervin, Ronald D., et al. "Associations Between Symptoms of Inattention, Hyperactivity, Restless Legs, and Periodic Leg Movements." Sleep, vol. 25, no. 2, 2002, pp. 213-8.
Chervin RD, Archbold KH, Dillon JE, et al. Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements. Sleep. 2002;25(2):213-8.
Chervin, R. D., Archbold, K. H., Dillon, J. E., Pituch, K. J., Panahi, P., Dahl, R. E., & Guilleminault, C. (2002). Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements. Sleep, 25(2), 213-8.
Chervin RD, et al. Associations Between Symptoms of Inattention, Hyperactivity, Restless Legs, and Periodic Leg Movements. Sleep. 2002 Mar 15;25(2):213-8. PubMed PMID: 11902431.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements. AU - Chervin,Ronald D, AU - Archbold,Kristen Hedger, AU - Dillon,James E, AU - Pituch,Kenneth J, AU - Panahi,Parviz, AU - Dahl,Ronald E, AU - Guilleminault,Christian, PY - 2002/3/21/pubmed PY - 2002/9/12/medline PY - 2002/3/21/entrez SP - 213 EP - 8 JF - Sleep JO - Sleep VL - 25 IS - 2 N2 - STUDY OBJECTIVES: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has shown associations with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) among small samples of referred children, but whether RLS or PLMS are common more generally among hyperactive children has not been well studied. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Two university-affiliated but community-based general pediatrics clinics. PATIENTS: N=866 children (469 boys), aged 2.0 to 13.9 years (mean 6.8+/-3.2 years), with clinic appointments. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS: A validated Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire assessed for PLMS (a 6-item subscale), restless legs, growing pains, and several potential confounds of an association between behavior and PLMS or RLS. Parents also completed two common behavioral measures, a DSM-IV-derived inattention/hyperactivity scale (IHS) and the hyperactivity index (HI, expressed as a t-score) of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale. RESULTS: Restless legs were reported in 17% (95% C.I. [15, 20]) of the subjects. Positive HI scores (>60) were found in 13% [11, 16] of all subjects, 18% [12, 25] of children with restless legs, and 11% [9, 14] of children without restless legs (chi-square p<0.05). Odds ratios between HI>60 and each of the following were: a one-s.d. increase in the overall PLMS score, 1.6 [1.4, 1.9]; restless legs, 1.9 [1.1, 3.2]; and growing pains, 1.9 [0.9, 3.6] (all age and sex-adjusted). Results were similar for high IHS scores (>1.25). The associations between each behavioral measure and the PLMS score retained significance after statistical adjustment for sleepiness, snoring, restless sleep in general, or stimulant use. CONCLUSIONS: Inattention and hyperactivity among general pediatric patients are associated with symptoms of PLMS and RLS. If either condition contributes to hyperactivity, the magnitude of association suggests an important public health problem. SN - 0161-8105 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/11902431/Associations_between_symptoms_of_inattention_hyperactivity_restless_legs_and_periodic_leg_movements_ L2 - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&amp;PAGE=linkout&amp;SEARCH=11902431.ui DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -