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Functional anatomy of levator veli palatini muscle and tensor veli palatini muscle in association with eustachian tube cartilage.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2002 Jun; 111(6):530-6.AO

Abstract

The anatomic relationships among the levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM), the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM), and the eustachian tube (ET) cartilage were investigated by computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstruction and measurement methods. The study used 13 normal temporal bone-ET specimens obtained from 13 individuals (range of age at death, 3 months to 88 years). This study revealed several anatomic features of the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET. First, the LVPM is always located inferolateral to the inferior margin of the medial lamina (ML) of the ET cartilage. Second, the LVPM has a large cross-sectional area throughout the extent of the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET. Third, although the LVPM lies close to the ML of the ET cartilage (0.44+/-0.16 mm in children and 1.02+/-0.58 mm in adults), there is no region of attachment. Finally, the TVPM is not attached to the lateral lamina (LL) of the ET cartilage of the anterior quarter of the cartilaginous portion. Accordingly, it could be assumed that the most anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET is opened primarily by the contraction of the LVPM, which causes a superior-medial rotation of the ML. Furthermore, since the contraction time of the LVPM is reported to be longer than that of the TVPM, the anterior cartilaginous portions of the ET may remain open, even after the middle to posterior cartilaginous portions are closed after relaxation of the TVPM. This process would produce a pumping action of the ET in the direction from the middle ear to the pharyngeal side. The pumping function may be beneficial to clearance of the middle ear.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Ishijima K
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Sando I
No affiliation info available
Balaban CD
No affiliation info available
Miura M
No affiliation info available
Takasaki K
No affiliation info available

MeSH

CartilageChild, PreschoolEustachian TubeHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMiddle AgedPalatal Muscles

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

12090709

Citation

Ishijima, Ken, et al. "Functional Anatomy of Levator Veli Palatini Muscle and Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle in Association With Eustachian Tube Cartilage." The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, vol. 111, no. 6, 2002, pp. 530-6.
Ishijima K, Sando I, Balaban CD, et al. Functional anatomy of levator veli palatini muscle and tensor veli palatini muscle in association with eustachian tube cartilage. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2002;111(6):530-6.
Ishijima, K., Sando, I., Balaban, C. D., Miura, M., & Takasaki, K. (2002). Functional anatomy of levator veli palatini muscle and tensor veli palatini muscle in association with eustachian tube cartilage. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, 111(6), 530-6.
Ishijima K, et al. Functional Anatomy of Levator Veli Palatini Muscle and Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle in Association With Eustachian Tube Cartilage. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2002;111(6):530-6. PubMed PMID: 12090709.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Functional anatomy of levator veli palatini muscle and tensor veli palatini muscle in association with eustachian tube cartilage. AU - Ishijima,Ken, AU - Sando,Isamu, AU - Balaban,Carey D, AU - Miura,Makoto, AU - Takasaki,Kenji, PY - 2002/7/2/pubmed PY - 2002/7/23/medline PY - 2002/7/2/entrez SP - 530 EP - 6 JF - The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology JO - Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol VL - 111 IS - 6 N2 - The anatomic relationships among the levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM), the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM), and the eustachian tube (ET) cartilage were investigated by computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstruction and measurement methods. The study used 13 normal temporal bone-ET specimens obtained from 13 individuals (range of age at death, 3 months to 88 years). This study revealed several anatomic features of the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET. First, the LVPM is always located inferolateral to the inferior margin of the medial lamina (ML) of the ET cartilage. Second, the LVPM has a large cross-sectional area throughout the extent of the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET. Third, although the LVPM lies close to the ML of the ET cartilage (0.44+/-0.16 mm in children and 1.02+/-0.58 mm in adults), there is no region of attachment. Finally, the TVPM is not attached to the lateral lamina (LL) of the ET cartilage of the anterior quarter of the cartilaginous portion. Accordingly, it could be assumed that the most anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET is opened primarily by the contraction of the LVPM, which causes a superior-medial rotation of the ML. Furthermore, since the contraction time of the LVPM is reported to be longer than that of the TVPM, the anterior cartilaginous portions of the ET may remain open, even after the middle to posterior cartilaginous portions are closed after relaxation of the TVPM. This process would produce a pumping action of the ET in the direction from the middle ear to the pharyngeal side. The pumping function may be beneficial to clearance of the middle ear. SN - 0003-4894 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/12090709/Functional_anatomy_of_levator_veli_palatini_muscle_and_tensor_veli_palatini_muscle_in_association_with_eustachian_tube_cartilage_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -