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Sagittal alignment of cervical flexion and extension: lateral radiographic analysis.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Aug 01; 27(15):E348-55.S

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN

An analysis of lateral radiographs in the upright, flexion-extension position.

OBJECTIVES

To document and define the differences in cervical flexion-extension kinematics as they relate to changes of alignment in upright cervical lordosis.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA

No previous study has reported the association between sagittal plane cervical rotation kinematics and changes of alignment in upright cervical lordosis.

METHODS

Lateral radiographs were classified into five groups (Group A, lordosis; Group B, straight; Group C, kyphosis; Group D, S-curve with lordotic upper cervical and kyphotic lower cervical spine; and Group E, S-curve with kyphotic upper cervical and lordotic lower cervical spine) by changes of alignment in upright position. Sagittal cervical rotation angles were measured by a computer-assisted method in the fully flexed and extended positions.

RESULTS

Group A revealed the largest angle of lordosis at extension and the smallest angle of kyphosis at flexion, whereas Group C revealed the smallest angle of lordosis at extension and the largest angle of kyphosis at flexion. When Group D adopted the flexion-extension position, the curvature of the upper cervical spine was the same as Group A, whereas the lower cervical spine showed the same curve as Group C. Similarly, the cervical rotation kinematics in Group E were a combination of motion of upper cervical spine in Group C and that of lower spine in Group A.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that alterations in the static alignment of the cervical curvature cause alterations in the dynamic kinematics of the cervical spine during cervical flexion-extension. This information should aid in the interpretation of kinematic studies of the cervical spine.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Takeshima T
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Takanohara Central Hospital, Nara-City, Nara, Japan. t-take@naramed-u.ac.jp
Omokawa S
No affiliation info available
Takaoka T
No affiliation info available
Araki M
No affiliation info available
Ueda Y
No affiliation info available
Takakura Y
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultBiomechanical PhenomenaBody HeightBody WeightCervical VertebraeFemaleHumansKyphosisLordosisMaleNeckPliabilityPostureRadiographyRange of Motion, ArticularReproducibility of ResultsRetrospective StudiesRotation

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

12163735

Citation

Takeshima, Toshichika, et al. "Sagittal Alignment of Cervical Flexion and Extension: Lateral Radiographic Analysis." Spine, vol. 27, no. 15, 2002, pp. E348-55.
Takeshima T, Omokawa S, Takaoka T, et al. Sagittal alignment of cervical flexion and extension: lateral radiographic analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(15):E348-55.
Takeshima, T., Omokawa, S., Takaoka, T., Araki, M., Ueda, Y., & Takakura, Y. (2002). Sagittal alignment of cervical flexion and extension: lateral radiographic analysis. Spine, 27(15), E348-55.
Takeshima T, et al. Sagittal Alignment of Cervical Flexion and Extension: Lateral Radiographic Analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Aug 1;27(15):E348-55. PubMed PMID: 12163735.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Sagittal alignment of cervical flexion and extension: lateral radiographic analysis. AU - Takeshima,Toshichika, AU - Omokawa,Shohei, AU - Takaoka,Takanori, AU - Araki,Masafumi, AU - Ueda,Yurito, AU - Takakura,Yoshinori, PY - 2002/8/7/pubmed PY - 2002/11/26/medline PY - 2002/8/7/entrez SP - E348 EP - 55 JF - Spine JO - Spine (Phila Pa 1976) VL - 27 IS - 15 N2 - STUDY DESIGN: An analysis of lateral radiographs in the upright, flexion-extension position. OBJECTIVES: To document and define the differences in cervical flexion-extension kinematics as they relate to changes of alignment in upright cervical lordosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No previous study has reported the association between sagittal plane cervical rotation kinematics and changes of alignment in upright cervical lordosis. METHODS: Lateral radiographs were classified into five groups (Group A, lordosis; Group B, straight; Group C, kyphosis; Group D, S-curve with lordotic upper cervical and kyphotic lower cervical spine; and Group E, S-curve with kyphotic upper cervical and lordotic lower cervical spine) by changes of alignment in upright position. Sagittal cervical rotation angles were measured by a computer-assisted method in the fully flexed and extended positions. RESULTS: Group A revealed the largest angle of lordosis at extension and the smallest angle of kyphosis at flexion, whereas Group C revealed the smallest angle of lordosis at extension and the largest angle of kyphosis at flexion. When Group D adopted the flexion-extension position, the curvature of the upper cervical spine was the same as Group A, whereas the lower cervical spine showed the same curve as Group C. Similarly, the cervical rotation kinematics in Group E were a combination of motion of upper cervical spine in Group C and that of lower spine in Group A. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that alterations in the static alignment of the cervical curvature cause alterations in the dynamic kinematics of the cervical spine during cervical flexion-extension. This information should aid in the interpretation of kinematic studies of the cervical spine. SN - 1528-1159 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/12163735/Sagittal_alignment_of_cervical_flexion_and_extension:_lateral_radiographic_analysis_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -