Tags

Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter

Comparison of the effects of linseed oil and different doses of fish oil on mononuclear cell function in healthy human subjects.
Br J Nutr. 2003 May; 89(5):679-89.BJ

Abstract

Studies on animal and human subjects have shown that greatly increasing the amount of linseed (also known as flaxseed) oil (rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) alpha-linolenic acid (ALNA)) or fish oil (FO; rich in the long-chain n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) in the diet can decrease a number of markers of immune function. The immunological effects of more modest doses of n-3 PUFA in human subjects are unclear, dose-response relationships between n-3 PUFA supply and immune function have not been established and whether ALNA has the same effects as its long-chain derivatives is not known. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of enriching the diet with different doses of FO or with a modest dose of ALNA on a range of functional responses of human monocytes and lymphocytes. In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study, forty healthy males aged 18-39 years were randomised to receive placebo or 3.5 g ALNA/d or 0.44, 0.94 or 1.9 g (EPA+DHA)/d in capsules for 12 weeks. The EPA:DHA ratio in the FO used was 1.0:2.5. ALNA supplementation increased the proportion of EPA but not DHA in plasma phospholipids. FO supplementation decreased the proportions of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid and increased the proportions of EPA and DHA in plasma phospholipids. The interventions did not alter circulating mononuclear cell subsets or the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 or interferon-gamma by stimulated mononuclear cells. There was little effect of the interventions on lymphocyte proliferation. The two higher doses of FO resulted in a significant decrease in IL-6 production by stimulated mononuclear cells. It is concluded that, with the exception of IL-6 production, a modest increase in intake of either ALNA or EPA+DHA does not influence the functional activity of mononuclear cells. The threshold of EPA+DHA intake that results in decreased IL-6 production is between 0.44 and 0.94 g/d.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Wallace FA
Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK.
Miles EA
No affiliation info available
Calder PC
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAnalysis of VarianceCell DivisionCytokinesDocosahexaenoic AcidsDouble-Blind MethodDrug Administration ScheduleEicosapentaenoic AcidFatty AcidsFish OilsHumansInterleukin-6Leukocytes, MononuclearMalePhospholipidsT-Lymphocyte SubsetsThiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substancesalpha-Linolenic Acidalpha-Tocopherol

Pub Type(s)

Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

12720588

Citation

Wallace, Fiona A., et al. "Comparison of the Effects of Linseed Oil and Different Doses of Fish Oil On Mononuclear Cell Function in Healthy Human Subjects." The British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 89, no. 5, 2003, pp. 679-89.
Wallace FA, Miles EA, Calder PC. Comparison of the effects of linseed oil and different doses of fish oil on mononuclear cell function in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2003;89(5):679-89.
Wallace, F. A., Miles, E. A., & Calder, P. C. (2003). Comparison of the effects of linseed oil and different doses of fish oil on mononuclear cell function in healthy human subjects. The British Journal of Nutrition, 89(5), 679-89.
Wallace FA, Miles EA, Calder PC. Comparison of the Effects of Linseed Oil and Different Doses of Fish Oil On Mononuclear Cell Function in Healthy Human Subjects. Br J Nutr. 2003;89(5):679-89. PubMed PMID: 12720588.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the effects of linseed oil and different doses of fish oil on mononuclear cell function in healthy human subjects. AU - Wallace,Fiona A, AU - Miles,Elizabeth A, AU - Calder,Philip C, PY - 2003/5/2/pubmed PY - 2003/6/10/medline PY - 2003/5/2/entrez SP - 679 EP - 89 JF - The British journal of nutrition JO - Br J Nutr VL - 89 IS - 5 N2 - Studies on animal and human subjects have shown that greatly increasing the amount of linseed (also known as flaxseed) oil (rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) alpha-linolenic acid (ALNA)) or fish oil (FO; rich in the long-chain n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) in the diet can decrease a number of markers of immune function. The immunological effects of more modest doses of n-3 PUFA in human subjects are unclear, dose-response relationships between n-3 PUFA supply and immune function have not been established and whether ALNA has the same effects as its long-chain derivatives is not known. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of enriching the diet with different doses of FO or with a modest dose of ALNA on a range of functional responses of human monocytes and lymphocytes. In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study, forty healthy males aged 18-39 years were randomised to receive placebo or 3.5 g ALNA/d or 0.44, 0.94 or 1.9 g (EPA+DHA)/d in capsules for 12 weeks. The EPA:DHA ratio in the FO used was 1.0:2.5. ALNA supplementation increased the proportion of EPA but not DHA in plasma phospholipids. FO supplementation decreased the proportions of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid and increased the proportions of EPA and DHA in plasma phospholipids. The interventions did not alter circulating mononuclear cell subsets or the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 or interferon-gamma by stimulated mononuclear cells. There was little effect of the interventions on lymphocyte proliferation. The two higher doses of FO resulted in a significant decrease in IL-6 production by stimulated mononuclear cells. It is concluded that, with the exception of IL-6 production, a modest increase in intake of either ALNA or EPA+DHA does not influence the functional activity of mononuclear cells. The threshold of EPA+DHA intake that results in decreased IL-6 production is between 0.44 and 0.94 g/d. SN - 0007-1145 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/12720588/Comparison_of_the_effects_of_linseed_oil_and_different_doses_of_fish_oil_on_mononuclear_cell_function_in_healthy_human_subjects_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -