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The agony and the ecstasy.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Sep; 98(9):2098-9.AJ

Abstract

The authors, who are from the Vessel Sanitation Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), summarize the recent outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), which occurred on five different cruise ships. Attack rates among passengers ranged from 4% to 13% and among crew members from 0.2% to 3.3%. Subsequent epidemiological investigations by the CDC suggested that the incidence was higher, approaching 19-41% of passengers. Overall there were 21 outbreaks of AGE on 17 cruise ships, of which nine were documented to be due to norovirus, three due to bacterial agents, and nine of unknown cause. In general, subsequent outbreaks on each cruise ship were of the identical strain of norovirus by reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction, which suggests an embedded source. The authors conclude that in addition to emphasizing basic food and water sanitation measures, control efforts should include thorough and prompt disinfection of ships during cruises and isolation of ill crew-members and passengers for 72 hours.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Flemmer M
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Oldfield EC
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.Communicable Disease ControlDisease OutbreaksFemaleGastroenteritisHumansIncidenceMaleNorovirusRisk AssessmentShipsTravelUnited States

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

14499795

Citation

Flemmer, Mark, and Edward C. Oldfield. "The Agony and the Ecstasy." The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 98, no. 9, 2003, pp. 2098-9.
Flemmer M, Oldfield EC. The agony and the ecstasy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(9):2098-9.
Flemmer, M., & Oldfield, E. C. (2003). The agony and the ecstasy. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 98(9), 2098-9.
Flemmer M, Oldfield EC. The Agony and the Ecstasy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(9):2098-9. PubMed PMID: 14499795.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The agony and the ecstasy. AU - Flemmer,Mark, AU - Oldfield,Edward C,3rd PY - 2003/9/23/pubmed PY - 2003/11/7/medline PY - 2003/9/23/entrez SP - 2098 EP - 9 JF - The American journal of gastroenterology JO - Am J Gastroenterol VL - 98 IS - 9 N2 - The authors, who are from the Vessel Sanitation Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), summarize the recent outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), which occurred on five different cruise ships. Attack rates among passengers ranged from 4% to 13% and among crew members from 0.2% to 3.3%. Subsequent epidemiological investigations by the CDC suggested that the incidence was higher, approaching 19-41% of passengers. Overall there were 21 outbreaks of AGE on 17 cruise ships, of which nine were documented to be due to norovirus, three due to bacterial agents, and nine of unknown cause. In general, subsequent outbreaks on each cruise ship were of the identical strain of norovirus by reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction, which suggests an embedded source. The authors conclude that in addition to emphasizing basic food and water sanitation measures, control efforts should include thorough and prompt disinfection of ships during cruises and isolation of ill crew-members and passengers for 72 hours. SN - 0002-9270 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/14499795/The_agony_and_the_ecstasy_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -