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Meal and snack patterns of infants and toddlers.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Jan; 104(1 Suppl 1):s65-70.JA

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe meal and snack patterns of infants and toddlers.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional telephone survey in which mothers reported their infants' and toddlers' food and beverage intakes for a 24-hour period.

SUBJECTS

Subjects included 3,022 infants and toddlers, ages 4 to 24 months, in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study.

STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED

Means+/-standard deviations, frequencies, percentages, energy and nutrient analyses, nutrient densities.

RESULTS

On average, infants and toddlers were fed seven times per day. The breakfast, lunch, and dinner pattern, plus snacks, emerged at 7 to 8 months and was well established by 9 to 11 months. Breakfasts were higher in nutrient density for iron, folate, and calcium than other meals. The percentage of children reported to be eating snacks increased with age. The afternoon snack was consumed by over 80% of toddlers (12 to 24 months), and snacks provided about 25% of toddlers' daily energy intakes. Typical snack foods for toddlers were milk, water, cookies, crackers, chips, and fruit drinks.

APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS

Results of this study provide parents and professionals with specific information about meal and snack patterns, thereby allowing development of targeted messages and/or strategies to improve the dietary patterns of infants and toddlers. Although most foods provided to the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study infants and toddlers were nutritionally and developmentally appropriate, snack choices could be improved by delaying introduction of and limiting exposures to foods low in nutrients and high in calories.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Skinner JD
Nutrition Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Ziegler P
No affiliation info available
Pac S
No affiliation info available
Devaney B
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Age FactorsCross-Sectional StudiesDietFeeding BehaviorHumansInfantInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaInterviews as TopicNutrition SurveysTime Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

14702020

Citation

Skinner, Jean D., et al. "Meal and Snack Patterns of Infants and Toddlers." Journal of the American Dietetic Association, vol. 104, no. 1 Suppl 1, 2004, pp. s65-70.
Skinner JD, Ziegler P, Pac S, et al. Meal and snack patterns of infants and toddlers. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(1 Suppl 1):s65-70.
Skinner, J. D., Ziegler, P., Pac, S., & Devaney, B. (2004). Meal and snack patterns of infants and toddlers. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(1 Suppl 1), s65-70.
Skinner JD, et al. Meal and Snack Patterns of Infants and Toddlers. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(1 Suppl 1):s65-70. PubMed PMID: 14702020.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Meal and snack patterns of infants and toddlers. AU - Skinner,Jean D, AU - Ziegler,Paula, AU - Pac,Susan, AU - Devaney,Barbara, PY - 2004/1/1/pubmed PY - 2004/1/30/medline PY - 2004/1/1/entrez SP - s65 EP - 70 JF - Journal of the American Dietetic Association JO - J Am Diet Assoc VL - 104 IS - 1 Suppl 1 N2 - OBJECTIVE: To describe meal and snack patterns of infants and toddlers. DESIGN: A cross-sectional telephone survey in which mothers reported their infants' and toddlers' food and beverage intakes for a 24-hour period. SUBJECTS: Subjects included 3,022 infants and toddlers, ages 4 to 24 months, in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Means+/-standard deviations, frequencies, percentages, energy and nutrient analyses, nutrient densities. RESULTS: On average, infants and toddlers were fed seven times per day. The breakfast, lunch, and dinner pattern, plus snacks, emerged at 7 to 8 months and was well established by 9 to 11 months. Breakfasts were higher in nutrient density for iron, folate, and calcium than other meals. The percentage of children reported to be eating snacks increased with age. The afternoon snack was consumed by over 80% of toddlers (12 to 24 months), and snacks provided about 25% of toddlers' daily energy intakes. Typical snack foods for toddlers were milk, water, cookies, crackers, chips, and fruit drinks. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study provide parents and professionals with specific information about meal and snack patterns, thereby allowing development of targeted messages and/or strategies to improve the dietary patterns of infants and toddlers. Although most foods provided to the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study infants and toddlers were nutritionally and developmentally appropriate, snack choices could be improved by delaying introduction of and limiting exposures to foods low in nutrients and high in calories. SN - 0002-8223 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/14702020/Meal_and_snack_patterns_of_infants_and_toddlers_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -