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Dietary patterns, smoking, and subclinical heart disease in women: opportunities for primary prevention from the Framingham Nutrition Studies.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Feb; 104(2):208-14.JA

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the relationship between a heart-healthy dietary pattern and subclinical heart disease in women, and to identify potential opportunities for primary prevention.

DESIGN

Prospective analysis in which dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were assessed at baseline. Presence of subclinical heart disease was assessed using carotid atherosclerosis (stenosis >or=25%) measured by ultrasound at 12-year follow-up.

SUBJECTS/SETTING

We studied 1,423 women in the population-based Framingham Offspring/Spouse (FOS) Study cohort, Framingham, Massachusetts. Subjects did not have CVD at baseline.

STATISTICAL ANALYSES

CVD risk factor differences among the dietary clusters were evaluated using analysis of covariance and logistic regression. The relationship between heart-healthy and less heart-healthy dietary patterns and the presence of subclinical heart disease at follow-up was examined using odds ratios calculated from multivariate logistic regressions; stratification by smoking status (current, former, never) was also explored.

RESULTS

Women who ate a heart-healthy diet had more favorable baseline CVD risk factor profiles. The age-adjusted odds of subclinical heart disease at follow-up was 40% lower for heart-healthy women (OR 0.60, P=.02). Multivariate adjustment for BMI, blood lipid levels, and blood pressure only slightly attenuated these odds. The odds remained reduced after adding pack-years of smoking to the multivariate model, but statistical significance was attenuated (OR 0.74, P=.20). In analyses stratified by smoking status, women who consumed a heart-healthy diet and who had never smoked had more than 80% less odds for subclinical heart disease compared with smokers whose diets were less heart-healthy (adjusted OR 0.17; P=.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Women who achieve a heart-healthy eating pattern, in combination with the avoidance of smoking, have a lower odds of subclinical heart disease. Among former smokers, the avoidance of smoking seemed to have somewhat more influence than diet on stenosis risk. A public health priority for women to promote the primary prevention of heart disease is the adoption of positive lifestyle behaviors, especially healthful eating (dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy foods, leaner protein sources, and lower in fats) and the avoidance of smoking.

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Publisher Full Text

Authors+Show Affiliations

Millen BE
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118, USA. bmillen@bu.edu
Quatromoni PA
No affiliation info available
Nam BH
No affiliation info available
O'Horo CE
No affiliation info available
Polak JF
No affiliation info available
Wolf PA
No affiliation info available
D'Agostino RB
No affiliation info available
Framingham Nutrition Studies
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesCarotid Artery DiseasesDietFeeding BehaviorFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansMiddle AgedNutrition PolicyPrimary PreventionRisk FactorsSmokingSmoking CessationUltrasonography

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

14760568

Citation

Millen, Barbara E., et al. "Dietary Patterns, Smoking, and Subclinical Heart Disease in Women: Opportunities for Primary Prevention From the Framingham Nutrition Studies." Journal of the American Dietetic Association, vol. 104, no. 2, 2004, pp. 208-14.
Millen BE, Quatromoni PA, Nam BH, et al. Dietary patterns, smoking, and subclinical heart disease in women: opportunities for primary prevention from the Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(2):208-14.
Millen, B. E., Quatromoni, P. A., Nam, B. H., O'Horo, C. E., Polak, J. F., Wolf, P. A., & D'Agostino, R. B. (2004). Dietary patterns, smoking, and subclinical heart disease in women: opportunities for primary prevention from the Framingham Nutrition Studies. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(2), 208-14.
Millen BE, et al. Dietary Patterns, Smoking, and Subclinical Heart Disease in Women: Opportunities for Primary Prevention From the Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(2):208-14. PubMed PMID: 14760568.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary patterns, smoking, and subclinical heart disease in women: opportunities for primary prevention from the Framingham Nutrition Studies. AU - Millen,Barbara E, AU - Quatromoni,Paula A, AU - Nam,Byung-Ho, AU - O'Horo,Catherine E, AU - Polak,Joseph F, AU - Wolf,Philip A, AU - D'Agostino,Ralph B, AU - ,, PY - 2004/2/5/pubmed PY - 2004/3/10/medline PY - 2004/2/5/entrez SP - 208 EP - 14 JF - Journal of the American Dietetic Association JO - J Am Diet Assoc VL - 104 IS - 2 N2 - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between a heart-healthy dietary pattern and subclinical heart disease in women, and to identify potential opportunities for primary prevention. DESIGN: Prospective analysis in which dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were assessed at baseline. Presence of subclinical heart disease was assessed using carotid atherosclerosis (stenosis >or=25%) measured by ultrasound at 12-year follow-up. SUBJECTS/SETTING: We studied 1,423 women in the population-based Framingham Offspring/Spouse (FOS) Study cohort, Framingham, Massachusetts. Subjects did not have CVD at baseline. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: CVD risk factor differences among the dietary clusters were evaluated using analysis of covariance and logistic regression. The relationship between heart-healthy and less heart-healthy dietary patterns and the presence of subclinical heart disease at follow-up was examined using odds ratios calculated from multivariate logistic regressions; stratification by smoking status (current, former, never) was also explored. RESULTS: Women who ate a heart-healthy diet had more favorable baseline CVD risk factor profiles. The age-adjusted odds of subclinical heart disease at follow-up was 40% lower for heart-healthy women (OR 0.60, P=.02). Multivariate adjustment for BMI, blood lipid levels, and blood pressure only slightly attenuated these odds. The odds remained reduced after adding pack-years of smoking to the multivariate model, but statistical significance was attenuated (OR 0.74, P=.20). In analyses stratified by smoking status, women who consumed a heart-healthy diet and who had never smoked had more than 80% less odds for subclinical heart disease compared with smokers whose diets were less heart-healthy (adjusted OR 0.17; P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Women who achieve a heart-healthy eating pattern, in combination with the avoidance of smoking, have a lower odds of subclinical heart disease. Among former smokers, the avoidance of smoking seemed to have somewhat more influence than diet on stenosis risk. A public health priority for women to promote the primary prevention of heart disease is the adoption of positive lifestyle behaviors, especially healthful eating (dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy foods, leaner protein sources, and lower in fats) and the avoidance of smoking. SN - 0002-8223 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/14760568/Dietary_patterns_smoking_and_subclinical_heart_disease_in_women:_opportunities_for_primary_prevention_from_the_Framingham_Nutrition_Studies_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002822303015372 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -