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Role of esterase enzymes in monitoring for resistance of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae), to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.
J Econ Entomol. 2004 Apr; 97(2):606-13.JE

Abstract

Eighty-seven populations of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), from the San Joaquin Valley of California were tested for insecticide resistance by using chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and/or carbaryl in a standard fruit-dip bioassay as well as for general esterase activity by using alpha-naphthyl acetate as a substrate in a colorimetric test. The percentage of individuals that survived a discriminating concentration of methidathion, chlorpyrifos, or carbaryl was significantly correlated with the percentage of individuals showing > 0.4 nmol of esterase activity per minute per microgram of protein in the colorimetric test. Scale survival of the organophosphates showed a higher correlation with esterase activity than survival of carbaryl. These results suggest that the colorimetric test of esterase activity is useful as an indicator of the frequency of organophosphate-resistant and, to a lesser extent, carbamate-resistant individuals in California red scale populations. The results of tests for activity and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity suggest that California red scale is using increased amounts of esterase enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase, to sequester organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, rather than modified acetylcholinesterase. Third instars collected from twigs, leaves, and fruit showed similar levels of esterase activity. The colorimetric test of esterase activity is a useful tool to detect organophosphate and carbamate resistance in San Joaquin Valley California red scale because of its speed of testing over a wide range of months, allowing for within-season decision making by citrus growers.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Grafton-Cardwell EE
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Ouyang Y
No affiliation info available
Striggow RA
No affiliation info available
Christiansen JA
No affiliation info available
Black CS
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AcetylcholinesteraseAnimalsCarbamatesColorimetryEsterasesHemipteraInsecticide ResistanceInsecticidesOrganophosphorus Compounds

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

15154489

Citation

Grafton-Cardwell, Elizabeth E., et al. "Role of Esterase Enzymes in Monitoring for Resistance of California Red Scale, Aonidiella Aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae), to Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides." Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 97, no. 2, 2004, pp. 606-13.
Grafton-Cardwell EE, Ouyang Y, Striggow RA, et al. Role of esterase enzymes in monitoring for resistance of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae), to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. J Econ Entomol. 2004;97(2):606-13.
Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., Ouyang, Y., Striggow, R. A., Christiansen, J. A., & Black, C. S. (2004). Role of esterase enzymes in monitoring for resistance of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae), to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(2), 606-13.
Grafton-Cardwell EE, et al. Role of Esterase Enzymes in Monitoring for Resistance of California Red Scale, Aonidiella Aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae), to Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides. J Econ Entomol. 2004;97(2):606-13. PubMed PMID: 15154489.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Role of esterase enzymes in monitoring for resistance of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae), to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. AU - Grafton-Cardwell,Elizabeth E, AU - Ouyang,Yuling, AU - Striggow,Rebecka A, AU - Christiansen,Julie A, AU - Black,Christopher S, PY - 2004/5/25/pubmed PY - 2004/7/13/medline PY - 2004/5/25/entrez SP - 606 EP - 13 JF - Journal of economic entomology JO - J Econ Entomol VL - 97 IS - 2 N2 - Eighty-seven populations of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), from the San Joaquin Valley of California were tested for insecticide resistance by using chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and/or carbaryl in a standard fruit-dip bioassay as well as for general esterase activity by using alpha-naphthyl acetate as a substrate in a colorimetric test. The percentage of individuals that survived a discriminating concentration of methidathion, chlorpyrifos, or carbaryl was significantly correlated with the percentage of individuals showing > 0.4 nmol of esterase activity per minute per microgram of protein in the colorimetric test. Scale survival of the organophosphates showed a higher correlation with esterase activity than survival of carbaryl. These results suggest that the colorimetric test of esterase activity is useful as an indicator of the frequency of organophosphate-resistant and, to a lesser extent, carbamate-resistant individuals in California red scale populations. The results of tests for activity and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity suggest that California red scale is using increased amounts of esterase enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase, to sequester organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, rather than modified acetylcholinesterase. Third instars collected from twigs, leaves, and fruit showed similar levels of esterase activity. The colorimetric test of esterase activity is a useful tool to detect organophosphate and carbamate resistance in San Joaquin Valley California red scale because of its speed of testing over a wide range of months, allowing for within-season decision making by citrus growers. SN - 0022-0493 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15154489/Role_of_esterase_enzymes_in_monitoring_for_resistance_of_California_red_scale_Aonidiella_aurantii__Homoptera:_Diaspididae__to_organophosphate_and_carbamate_insecticides_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -