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The mortality risks of smokers in Taiwan: Part I: cause-specific mortality.
Prev Med. 2004 Sep; 39(3):528-35.PM

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Few studies of adverse health effects from smoking have been conducted in southeastern Asian populations which may exhibit racial, cultural, and smoking behavioral differences that could affect mortality patterns. This study aims to quantify cause-specific mortality risks among cigarette smokers in Taiwan.

METHODS

The study population for this investigation was derived from two existing prospective study cohorts: a community-based cohort and a cohort composed of civil servants and teachers. Smoking data were obtained by face-to-face interview in the community cohort and by self-administered questionnaire in the civil servant/teacher cohort. The mortality risks of current smokers, adjusted for age, were compared to those of nonsmokers using Cox's proportional hazards model and dose-response relationships were examined by variables of smoking intensity and duration.

RESULTS

Male smokers had significantly higher all-cause mortality than nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking was also significantly associated with increased risks of dying from cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease. In addition, smokers had an increase in risk of fatal injuries from motor vehicle accidents and nonmotor vehicle accidents, as well as cancers of the oral cavity nasopharynx, esophagus, stomach, rectum, liver, and lungs. Risks for women smokers were generally higher than those for men, although this is based on small numbers of smokers. In women, deaths from all causes, all cancers, and cancers of the cervix, liver, and lung, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease were also significantly increased. The mean age at death for smokers who died before age 65 from smoking-related diseases was 57.4 years, which represented a loss of 22 years of life expectancy.

CONCLUSIONS

The pervasive and serious impact of cigarette smoking on the health of Taiwanese cannot be underestimated.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Wen CP
Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tsai SP
No affiliation info available
Chen CJ
No affiliation info available
Cheng TY
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAge DistributionAgedCase-Control StudiesCause of DeathCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesReference ValuesRisk AssessmentSex DistributionSmokingTaiwan

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

15313092

Citation

Wen, Chi-Pang, et al. "The Mortality Risks of Smokers in Taiwan: Part I: Cause-specific Mortality." Preventive Medicine, vol. 39, no. 3, 2004, pp. 528-35.
Wen CP, Tsai SP, Chen CJ, et al. The mortality risks of smokers in Taiwan: Part I: cause-specific mortality. Prev Med. 2004;39(3):528-35.
Wen, C. P., Tsai, S. P., Chen, C. J., & Cheng, T. Y. (2004). The mortality risks of smokers in Taiwan: Part I: cause-specific mortality. Preventive Medicine, 39(3), 528-35.
Wen CP, et al. The Mortality Risks of Smokers in Taiwan: Part I: Cause-specific Mortality. Prev Med. 2004;39(3):528-35. PubMed PMID: 15313092.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The mortality risks of smokers in Taiwan: Part I: cause-specific mortality. AU - Wen,Chi-Pang, AU - Tsai,Shan Pou, AU - Chen,Chien-Jen, AU - Cheng,Ting-Yuan, PY - 2004/8/18/pubmed PY - 2005/4/7/medline PY - 2004/8/18/entrez SP - 528 EP - 35 JF - Preventive medicine JO - Prev Med VL - 39 IS - 3 N2 - BACKGROUND: Few studies of adverse health effects from smoking have been conducted in southeastern Asian populations which may exhibit racial, cultural, and smoking behavioral differences that could affect mortality patterns. This study aims to quantify cause-specific mortality risks among cigarette smokers in Taiwan. METHODS: The study population for this investigation was derived from two existing prospective study cohorts: a community-based cohort and a cohort composed of civil servants and teachers. Smoking data were obtained by face-to-face interview in the community cohort and by self-administered questionnaire in the civil servant/teacher cohort. The mortality risks of current smokers, adjusted for age, were compared to those of nonsmokers using Cox's proportional hazards model and dose-response relationships were examined by variables of smoking intensity and duration. RESULTS: Male smokers had significantly higher all-cause mortality than nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking was also significantly associated with increased risks of dying from cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease. In addition, smokers had an increase in risk of fatal injuries from motor vehicle accidents and nonmotor vehicle accidents, as well as cancers of the oral cavity nasopharynx, esophagus, stomach, rectum, liver, and lungs. Risks for women smokers were generally higher than those for men, although this is based on small numbers of smokers. In women, deaths from all causes, all cancers, and cancers of the cervix, liver, and lung, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease were also significantly increased. The mean age at death for smokers who died before age 65 from smoking-related diseases was 57.4 years, which represented a loss of 22 years of life expectancy. CONCLUSIONS: The pervasive and serious impact of cigarette smoking on the health of Taiwanese cannot be underestimated. SN - 0091-7435 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15313092/The_mortality_risks_of_smokers_in_Taiwan:_Part_I:_cause_specific_mortality_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -