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Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation.
Physiol Rev. 2004 Oct; 84(4):1155-228.PR

Abstract

Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting via pathways activated by receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms, in hormonal, auto-, para-, or intracrine fashion. Because of the multidirectional nature and heterogeneous character of the melanogenesis modifying agents, its controlling factors are not organized into simple linear sequences, but they interphase instead in a multidimensional network, with extensive functional overlapping with connections arranged both in series and in parallel. The most important positive regulator of melanogenesis is the MC1 receptor with its ligands melanocortins and ACTH, whereas among the negative regulators agouti protein stands out, determining intensity of melanogenesis and also the type of melanin synthesized. Within the context of the skin as a stress organ, melanogenic activity serves as a unique molecular sensor and transducer of noxious signals and as regulator of local homeostasis. In keeping with these multiple roles, melanogenesis is controlled by a highly structured system, active since early embryogenesis and capable of superselective functional regulation that may reach down to the cellular level represented by single melanocytes. Indeed, the significance of melanogenesis extends beyond the mere assignment of a color trait.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Slominski A
Dept. of Pathology, Suite 599, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. aslominski@utmem.edu
Tobin DJ
No affiliation info available
Shibahara S
No affiliation info available
Wortsman J
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AnimalsHair FollicleHormonesHumansMelaninsMelanocytesMelanosomesSignal TransductionSkin Pigmentation

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

15383650

Citation

Slominski, Andrzej, et al. "Melanin Pigmentation in Mammalian Skin and Its Hormonal Regulation." Physiological Reviews, vol. 84, no. 4, 2004, pp. 1155-228.
Slominski A, Tobin DJ, Shibahara S, et al. Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation. Physiol Rev. 2004;84(4):1155-228.
Slominski, A., Tobin, D. J., Shibahara, S., & Wortsman, J. (2004). Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation. Physiological Reviews, 84(4), 1155-228.
Slominski A, et al. Melanin Pigmentation in Mammalian Skin and Its Hormonal Regulation. Physiol Rev. 2004;84(4):1155-228. PubMed PMID: 15383650.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation. AU - Slominski,Andrzej, AU - Tobin,Desmond J, AU - Shibahara,Shigeki, AU - Wortsman,Jacobo, PY - 2004/9/24/pubmed PY - 2004/10/30/medline PY - 2004/9/24/entrez SP - 1155 EP - 228 JF - Physiological reviews JO - Physiol Rev VL - 84 IS - 4 N2 - Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting via pathways activated by receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms, in hormonal, auto-, para-, or intracrine fashion. Because of the multidirectional nature and heterogeneous character of the melanogenesis modifying agents, its controlling factors are not organized into simple linear sequences, but they interphase instead in a multidimensional network, with extensive functional overlapping with connections arranged both in series and in parallel. The most important positive regulator of melanogenesis is the MC1 receptor with its ligands melanocortins and ACTH, whereas among the negative regulators agouti protein stands out, determining intensity of melanogenesis and also the type of melanin synthesized. Within the context of the skin as a stress organ, melanogenic activity serves as a unique molecular sensor and transducer of noxious signals and as regulator of local homeostasis. In keeping with these multiple roles, melanogenesis is controlled by a highly structured system, active since early embryogenesis and capable of superselective functional regulation that may reach down to the cellular level represented by single melanocytes. Indeed, the significance of melanogenesis extends beyond the mere assignment of a color trait. SN - 0031-9333 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15383650/Melanin_pigmentation_in_mammalian_skin_and_its_hormonal_regulation_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -