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Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts.
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Sep 15; 38(18):4713-22.ES

Abstract

Iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were recently uncovered in drinking water samples from source water with a high bromide/iodide concentration that was disinfected with chloramines. The purpose of this paper is to report the analytical chemical identification of iodoacetic acid (IA) and other iodoacids in drinking water samples, to address the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of IA in Salmonella typhimurium and mammalian cells, and to report a structure-function analysis of IA with its chlorinated and brominated monohalogenated analogues. The iodoacid DBPs were identified as iodoacetic acid, bromoiodoacetic acid, (Z)- and (E)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid, and (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid. IA represents a new class (iodoacid DBPs) of highly toxic drinking water contaminants. The cytotoxicity of IA in S. typhimurium was 2.9x and 53.5x higher than bromoacetic acid (BA) and chloroacetic acid (CA), respectively. A similar trend was found with cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; IA was 3.2x and 287.5x more potent than BA and CA, respectively. This rank order was also expressed in its genotoxicity with IA being 2.6x and 523.3x more mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA100 than BA and CA, respectively. IA was 2.0x more genotoxic than BA and 47.2x more genotoxic than CA in CHO cells. The rank order of the toxicity of these monohalogenated acetic acids is correlated with the electrophilic reactivity of the DBPs. IA is the most toxic and genotoxic DBP in mammalian cells reported in the literature. These data suggest that chloraminated drinking waters that have high bromide and iodide source waters may contain these iodoacids and most likely other iodo-DBPs. Ultimately, it will be important to know the levels at which these iodoacids occur in drinking water in order to assess the potential for adverse environmental and human health risks.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Plewa MJ
College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. mplewa@uiuc.edu
Wagner ED
No affiliation info available
Richardson SD
No affiliation info available
Thruston AD
No affiliation info available
Woo YT
No affiliation info available
McKague AB
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AcetatesAnimalsCHO CellsChloraminesCricetinaeCricetulusDisinfectantsDisinfectionGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryHumansIodidesIodoacetic AcidIsomerismMutagenicity TestsSalmonella typhimuriumWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater PurificationWater Supply

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

15487777

Citation

Plewa, Michael J., et al. "Chemical and Biological Characterization of Newly Discovered Iodoacid Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts." Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 38, no. 18, 2004, pp. 4713-22.
Plewa MJ, Wagner ED, Richardson SD, et al. Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts. Environ Sci Technol. 2004;38(18):4713-22.
Plewa, M. J., Wagner, E. D., Richardson, S. D., Thruston, A. D., Woo, Y. T., & McKague, A. B. (2004). Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(18), 4713-22.
Plewa MJ, et al. Chemical and Biological Characterization of Newly Discovered Iodoacid Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts. Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Sep 15;38(18):4713-22. PubMed PMID: 15487777.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts. AU - Plewa,Michael J, AU - Wagner,Elizabeth D, AU - Richardson,Susan D, AU - Thruston,Alfred D,Jr AU - Woo,Yin-Tak, AU - McKague,A Bruce, PY - 2004/10/19/pubmed PY - 2005/2/11/medline PY - 2004/10/19/entrez SP - 4713 EP - 22 JF - Environmental science & technology JO - Environ Sci Technol VL - 38 IS - 18 N2 - Iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were recently uncovered in drinking water samples from source water with a high bromide/iodide concentration that was disinfected with chloramines. The purpose of this paper is to report the analytical chemical identification of iodoacetic acid (IA) and other iodoacids in drinking water samples, to address the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of IA in Salmonella typhimurium and mammalian cells, and to report a structure-function analysis of IA with its chlorinated and brominated monohalogenated analogues. The iodoacid DBPs were identified as iodoacetic acid, bromoiodoacetic acid, (Z)- and (E)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid, and (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid. IA represents a new class (iodoacid DBPs) of highly toxic drinking water contaminants. The cytotoxicity of IA in S. typhimurium was 2.9x and 53.5x higher than bromoacetic acid (BA) and chloroacetic acid (CA), respectively. A similar trend was found with cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; IA was 3.2x and 287.5x more potent than BA and CA, respectively. This rank order was also expressed in its genotoxicity with IA being 2.6x and 523.3x more mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA100 than BA and CA, respectively. IA was 2.0x more genotoxic than BA and 47.2x more genotoxic than CA in CHO cells. The rank order of the toxicity of these monohalogenated acetic acids is correlated with the electrophilic reactivity of the DBPs. IA is the most toxic and genotoxic DBP in mammalian cells reported in the literature. These data suggest that chloraminated drinking waters that have high bromide and iodide source waters may contain these iodoacids and most likely other iodo-DBPs. Ultimately, it will be important to know the levels at which these iodoacids occur in drinking water in order to assess the potential for adverse environmental and human health risks. SN - 0013-936X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15487777/Chemical_and_biological_characterization_of_newly_discovered_iodoacid_drinking_water_disinfection_byproducts_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -