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Risk indicators for oral candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected adults.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005 Feb; 33(1):35-44.CD

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Oral candidiasis (OC) and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) are the most common oral mucosal diseases associated with HIV infection. Independent risk indicators associated with these sentinel opportunistic diseases have not been established in mixed race and gender adult populations in the southeast USA. The purposes of this study were 1) to estimate prevalence of OC and OHL among an HIV-1 positive adult population, and 2) to develop explanatory multivariable models for each disease outcome.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study evaluated 631 adult dentate HIV-1 seropositive persons examined for HIV-associated oral mucosal diseases between 1995 and 2000 at University of North Carolina Hospitals in Chapel Hill, North Carolina using data collected from medical record review, interview questionnaire and clinical examination. We analyzed the data using t-tests, anova, and unconditional logistic regression.

RESULTS

Prevalent OC was associated with low CD4+ cell count [<200 cells/microl, adj. OR = 12.7 (95%CI: 4.9-32.9)], antiretroviral combination therapy [OR = 0.6 (0.3-0.9)], and current smoking [OR = 2.5 (1.3-4.8)]. Prevalent OHL was associated with low CD4+ cell count [<200 cells/microl, OR = 7.2 (2.7-18.9)], antifungal medication use [OR = 1.8 (1.1-2.9)], current recreational drug use [OR = 2.5 (1.3-4.9)], and male gender [OR = 2.5 (1.3-4.8)].

CONCLUSIONS

While CD4+ cell count, and antiretroviral medication were important risk indicators for OC, and OHL, cigarette smoking appears to be an important risk indicator for OC in HIV-1-infected populations.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Chattopadhyay A
School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Caplan DJ
No affiliation info available
Slade GD
No affiliation info available
Shugars DC
No affiliation info available
Tien HC
No affiliation info available
Patton LL
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAdultAnalysis of VarianceAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveCD4 Lymphocyte CountCandidiasis, OralEthnicityFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLeukoplakia, HairyLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSex FactorsSmokingSoutheastern United States

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

15642045

Citation

Chattopadhyay, Amit, et al. "Risk Indicators for Oral Candidiasis and Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in HIV-infected Adults." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 35-44.
Chattopadhyay A, Caplan DJ, Slade GD, et al. Risk indicators for oral candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(1):35-44.
Chattopadhyay, A., Caplan, D. J., Slade, G. D., Shugars, D. C., Tien, H. C., & Patton, L. L. (2005). Risk indicators for oral candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected adults. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 33(1), 35-44.
Chattopadhyay A, et al. Risk Indicators for Oral Candidiasis and Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in HIV-infected Adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(1):35-44. PubMed PMID: 15642045.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Risk indicators for oral candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected adults. AU - Chattopadhyay,Amit, AU - Caplan,Daniel J, AU - Slade,Gary D, AU - Shugars,Diane C, AU - Tien,Hsaio-Chuan, AU - Patton,Lauren L, PY - 2005/1/12/pubmed PY - 2005/3/2/medline PY - 2005/1/12/entrez SP - 35 EP - 44 JF - Community dentistry and oral epidemiology JO - Community Dent Oral Epidemiol VL - 33 IS - 1 N2 - OBJECTIVES: Oral candidiasis (OC) and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) are the most common oral mucosal diseases associated with HIV infection. Independent risk indicators associated with these sentinel opportunistic diseases have not been established in mixed race and gender adult populations in the southeast USA. The purposes of this study were 1) to estimate prevalence of OC and OHL among an HIV-1 positive adult population, and 2) to develop explanatory multivariable models for each disease outcome. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 631 adult dentate HIV-1 seropositive persons examined for HIV-associated oral mucosal diseases between 1995 and 2000 at University of North Carolina Hospitals in Chapel Hill, North Carolina using data collected from medical record review, interview questionnaire and clinical examination. We analyzed the data using t-tests, anova, and unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Prevalent OC was associated with low CD4+ cell count [<200 cells/microl, adj. OR = 12.7 (95%CI: 4.9-32.9)], antiretroviral combination therapy [OR = 0.6 (0.3-0.9)], and current smoking [OR = 2.5 (1.3-4.8)]. Prevalent OHL was associated with low CD4+ cell count [<200 cells/microl, OR = 7.2 (2.7-18.9)], antifungal medication use [OR = 1.8 (1.1-2.9)], current recreational drug use [OR = 2.5 (1.3-4.9)], and male gender [OR = 2.5 (1.3-4.8)]. CONCLUSIONS: While CD4+ cell count, and antiretroviral medication were important risk indicators for OC, and OHL, cigarette smoking appears to be an important risk indicator for OC in HIV-1-infected populations. SN - 0301-5661 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15642045/Risk_indicators_for_oral_candidiasis_and_oral_hairy_leukoplakia_in_HIV_infected_adults_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -