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Pesticides in the Cagayan valley (Philippines): usage, drift patterns and the exposure of farmers differing in income and market access.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2004; 69(4):765-78.CA

Abstract

Over the past ten years, the amount and number of different types of pesticides have increased significantly, which led to a growing concern about the possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. This is particularly true for countries where regulations are not strictly implemented and farmers' knowledge of safe handling is often inadequate. This paper discusses the results of a series of spray experiments to determine drift patterns along field boundaries and the exposure of farmers during their usual spraying exercises. Moreover, farmers' pesticide usage and methods of application will be described, and the effects of income and market accessibility on pesticide use patterns will be investigated. It is based on a study conducted in four villages located at increasing distance from the national highway leading to regional markets and connecting the Cagayan Valley in Northeast Luzon with Manila. The 20 pesticides encountered in this study cover 18 different active ingredients, 9 of which are classified by the WHO as 'highly hazardous' or 'moderately hazardous'. The EPA has classified at least 6 of the encountered pesticide formulations as Restricted Use Pesticides. Nevertheless, all pesticides are freely sold in stores or on markets and applied by farmers without personal protection in an unsafe manner. The farmers living nearest to the highway have the highest income and largest farms. Yet they are most at risk, having easiest access to pesticides and spraying the largest quantities of pesticides per hectare, compared to the farmers living at greater distance from the highway. It is recommended to review the list of pesticides approved for use in the Philippines and discern between Restricted and General Use Pesticides. Several recommendations for improving the implementation of pesticide policies and the IPM program are given.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Baurdoux M
Institute of Environmental Science, Leiden University, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Snelder D
No affiliation info available
De Snoo G
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgricultureFood SupplyHumansIncomePesticidesPhilippinesSeasons

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

15756867

Citation

Baurdoux, M, et al. "Pesticides in the Cagayan Valley (Philippines): Usage, Drift Patterns and the Exposure of Farmers Differing in Income and Market Access." Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, vol. 69, no. 4, 2004, pp. 765-78.
Baurdoux M, Snelder D, De Snoo G. Pesticides in the Cagayan valley (Philippines): usage, drift patterns and the exposure of farmers differing in income and market access. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2004;69(4):765-78.
Baurdoux, M., Snelder, D., & De Snoo, G. (2004). Pesticides in the Cagayan valley (Philippines): usage, drift patterns and the exposure of farmers differing in income and market access. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 69(4), 765-78.
Baurdoux M, Snelder D, De Snoo G. Pesticides in the Cagayan Valley (Philippines): Usage, Drift Patterns and the Exposure of Farmers Differing in Income and Market Access. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2004;69(4):765-78. PubMed PMID: 15756867.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides in the Cagayan valley (Philippines): usage, drift patterns and the exposure of farmers differing in income and market access. AU - Baurdoux,M, AU - Snelder,D, AU - De Snoo,G, PY - 2005/3/11/pubmed PY - 2005/4/15/medline PY - 2005/3/11/entrez SP - 765 EP - 78 JF - Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences JO - Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci VL - 69 IS - 4 N2 - Over the past ten years, the amount and number of different types of pesticides have increased significantly, which led to a growing concern about the possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. This is particularly true for countries where regulations are not strictly implemented and farmers' knowledge of safe handling is often inadequate. This paper discusses the results of a series of spray experiments to determine drift patterns along field boundaries and the exposure of farmers during their usual spraying exercises. Moreover, farmers' pesticide usage and methods of application will be described, and the effects of income and market accessibility on pesticide use patterns will be investigated. It is based on a study conducted in four villages located at increasing distance from the national highway leading to regional markets and connecting the Cagayan Valley in Northeast Luzon with Manila. The 20 pesticides encountered in this study cover 18 different active ingredients, 9 of which are classified by the WHO as 'highly hazardous' or 'moderately hazardous'. The EPA has classified at least 6 of the encountered pesticide formulations as Restricted Use Pesticides. Nevertheless, all pesticides are freely sold in stores or on markets and applied by farmers without personal protection in an unsafe manner. The farmers living nearest to the highway have the highest income and largest farms. Yet they are most at risk, having easiest access to pesticides and spraying the largest quantities of pesticides per hectare, compared to the farmers living at greater distance from the highway. It is recommended to review the list of pesticides approved for use in the Philippines and discern between Restricted and General Use Pesticides. Several recommendations for improving the implementation of pesticide policies and the IPM program are given. SN - 1379-1176 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15756867/Pesticides_in_the_Cagayan_valley__Philippines_:_usage_drift_patterns_and_the_exposure_of_farmers_differing_in_income_and_market_access_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -