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Heart rate variability, sympathetic and vagal balance and EEG arousals in upper airway resistance and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndromes.
Sleep Med. 2005 Sep; 6(5):451-7.SM

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

We questioned the role of respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) on heart rate (HR) during sleep, paying specific attention to the termination of the abnormal breathing events and examining the presence of arousals or termination with only central nervous system (CNS) activation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Twenty patients, 10 with UARS and 10 with mild OSAS, were studied. A nocturnal polysomnogram was performed including measurement of respiratory variables and pulse transit time (PTT). According to the presence or absence of a PTT event indicative of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, 148 events were extracted after having been randomly chosen in each represented sleep stage, with or without an electroencephalogram (EEG) arousal >1.5s. RR interval (RRI) in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, as well as heart rate variability, was calculated during 60 and 120s, respectively. Period amplitude analysis (PAA) was applied for RR-interval analysis, and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) was applied to perform HR variability analysis.

RESULTS

Visually scored EEG arousal was significantly associated with an increase in sympathetic index of heart rate, while PTT was associated with a drop in parasympathetic index, after the respiratory events. Patients with mild OSAS presented persistently shorter RRI when compared to patients with UARS. The latter also exhibited a significant decrease in parasympathetic index (High Frequency (HF)) at the termination of a respiratory event.

CONCLUSION

The HF component was only significantly decreased in patients with UARS, which indicates a predominant involvement of the parasympathetic tone in patients with UARS in comparison to those with OSAS.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Guilleminault C
Stanford Sleep Disorders Center, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Suite 3301, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. cguil@leland.stanford.edu
Poyares D
No affiliation info available
Rosa A
No affiliation info available
Huang YS
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAirway ResistanceArousalAutonomic Nervous SystemBrainElectroencephalographyFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolysomnographySleep Apnea, ObstructiveSyndrome

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

15994124

Citation

Guilleminault, Christian, et al. "Heart Rate Variability, Sympathetic and Vagal Balance and EEG Arousals in Upper Airway Resistance and Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndromes." Sleep Medicine, vol. 6, no. 5, 2005, pp. 451-7.
Guilleminault C, Poyares D, Rosa A, et al. Heart rate variability, sympathetic and vagal balance and EEG arousals in upper airway resistance and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndromes. Sleep Med. 2005;6(5):451-7.
Guilleminault, C., Poyares, D., Rosa, A., & Huang, Y. S. (2005). Heart rate variability, sympathetic and vagal balance and EEG arousals in upper airway resistance and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndromes. Sleep Medicine, 6(5), 451-7.
Guilleminault C, et al. Heart Rate Variability, Sympathetic and Vagal Balance and EEG Arousals in Upper Airway Resistance and Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndromes. Sleep Med. 2005;6(5):451-7. PubMed PMID: 15994124.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Heart rate variability, sympathetic and vagal balance and EEG arousals in upper airway resistance and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndromes. AU - Guilleminault,Christian, AU - Poyares,Dalva, AU - Rosa,Agostinho, AU - Huang,Yu-Shu, PY - 2004/11/16/received PY - 2005/03/24/revised PY - 2005/03/24/accepted PY - 2005/7/5/pubmed PY - 2006/2/8/medline PY - 2005/7/5/entrez SP - 451 EP - 7 JF - Sleep medicine JO - Sleep Med VL - 6 IS - 5 N2 - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We questioned the role of respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) on heart rate (HR) during sleep, paying specific attention to the termination of the abnormal breathing events and examining the presence of arousals or termination with only central nervous system (CNS) activation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients, 10 with UARS and 10 with mild OSAS, were studied. A nocturnal polysomnogram was performed including measurement of respiratory variables and pulse transit time (PTT). According to the presence or absence of a PTT event indicative of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, 148 events were extracted after having been randomly chosen in each represented sleep stage, with or without an electroencephalogram (EEG) arousal >1.5s. RR interval (RRI) in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, as well as heart rate variability, was calculated during 60 and 120s, respectively. Period amplitude analysis (PAA) was applied for RR-interval analysis, and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) was applied to perform HR variability analysis. RESULTS: Visually scored EEG arousal was significantly associated with an increase in sympathetic index of heart rate, while PTT was associated with a drop in parasympathetic index, after the respiratory events. Patients with mild OSAS presented persistently shorter RRI when compared to patients with UARS. The latter also exhibited a significant decrease in parasympathetic index (High Frequency (HF)) at the termination of a respiratory event. CONCLUSION: The HF component was only significantly decreased in patients with UARS, which indicates a predominant involvement of the parasympathetic tone in patients with UARS in comparison to those with OSAS. SN - 1389-9457 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15994124/Heart_rate_variability_sympathetic_and_vagal_balance_and_EEG_arousals_in_upper_airway_resistance_and_mild_obstructive_sleep_apnea_syndromes_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -