Tags

Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter

Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kathmandu: two years study and trends of antimicrobial resistance.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2005 Jan-Mar; 44(157):18-22.JJ

Abstract

Enteric fever is prevalent in developing countries including Nepal, where it still remains as a major health problem. Appropriate antibiotics are essential for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. A prospective study was carried out to characterize the epidemiological features of enteric fever in Kathmandu, Nepal and to analyse the recent trend of antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Salmonella isolated from the cases of enteric fever from different hospitals in Kathmandu during June, 2002 to June, 2004. A total of 1469 Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi 'A' isolates collected during this period from five different hospital laboratories situated in Kathmandu were studied. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates towards Ampicillin (10 mcg), Chloramphenicol (30 mcg), Cotrimoxazole (25 mcg), Ciprofloxacin (5 mcg) and Ceftriaxone (5 mcg) were determined by standard disc diffusion technique and Agar dilution technique were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone. All the isolates tested were found to be sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin, the most commonly used antibiotic for treatment of enteric fever in Nepal. Of the total isolates studied, 15.5% from 2002, 8% from 2003 and 3.45% from 2004 were found to be multidrug resistant (exhibiting resistance towards Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole). Of the total multi drug resistant Salmonella isolates, 92% were Salmonella typhi. All the multidrug resistant isolates were also further tested for susceptibilities towards Tetracycline (30 mcg), Nalidixic acid (30 mcg), Streptomycin (10 units), Gentamycin (25 mcg), Azithromycin (15 mcg), Kanamycin (30 mcg), Neomycin (30 mcg). 50% of the multi drug resistant Salmonella typhi were also resistant to Tetracycline. Plasmid analysis revealed that all of the multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi isolates with Tetracycline resistance harbored a large molecular weight (147 Kb) plasmid.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Malla S
National Public Health Laboratory, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Kansakar P
No affiliation info available
Serichantalergs O
No affiliation info available
Rahman M
No affiliation info available
Basnet S
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAge DistributionChildChild, PreschoolDrug Resistance, BacterialFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedNepalParatyphoid FeverSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella typhiSex DistributionTyphoid Fever

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16082406

Citation

Malla, S, et al. "Epidemiology of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Kathmandu: Two Years Study and Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance." JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, vol. 44, no. 157, 2005, pp. 18-22.
Malla S, Kansakar P, Serichantalergs O, et al. Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kathmandu: two years study and trends of antimicrobial resistance. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2005;44(157):18-22.
Malla, S., Kansakar, P., Serichantalergs, O., Rahman, M., & Basnet, S. (2005). Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kathmandu: two years study and trends of antimicrobial resistance. JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 44(157), 18-22.
Malla S, et al. Epidemiology of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Kathmandu: Two Years Study and Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2005 Jan-Mar;44(157):18-22. PubMed PMID: 16082406.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kathmandu: two years study and trends of antimicrobial resistance. AU - Malla,S, AU - Kansakar,P, AU - Serichantalergs,O, AU - Rahman,M, AU - Basnet,S, PY - 2005/8/6/pubmed PY - 2005/10/14/medline PY - 2005/8/6/entrez SP - 18 EP - 22 JF - JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association JO - JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc VL - 44 IS - 157 N2 - Enteric fever is prevalent in developing countries including Nepal, where it still remains as a major health problem. Appropriate antibiotics are essential for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. A prospective study was carried out to characterize the epidemiological features of enteric fever in Kathmandu, Nepal and to analyse the recent trend of antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Salmonella isolated from the cases of enteric fever from different hospitals in Kathmandu during June, 2002 to June, 2004. A total of 1469 Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi 'A' isolates collected during this period from five different hospital laboratories situated in Kathmandu were studied. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates towards Ampicillin (10 mcg), Chloramphenicol (30 mcg), Cotrimoxazole (25 mcg), Ciprofloxacin (5 mcg) and Ceftriaxone (5 mcg) were determined by standard disc diffusion technique and Agar dilution technique were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone. All the isolates tested were found to be sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin, the most commonly used antibiotic for treatment of enteric fever in Nepal. Of the total isolates studied, 15.5% from 2002, 8% from 2003 and 3.45% from 2004 were found to be multidrug resistant (exhibiting resistance towards Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole). Of the total multi drug resistant Salmonella isolates, 92% were Salmonella typhi. All the multidrug resistant isolates were also further tested for susceptibilities towards Tetracycline (30 mcg), Nalidixic acid (30 mcg), Streptomycin (10 units), Gentamycin (25 mcg), Azithromycin (15 mcg), Kanamycin (30 mcg), Neomycin (30 mcg). 50% of the multi drug resistant Salmonella typhi were also resistant to Tetracycline. Plasmid analysis revealed that all of the multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi isolates with Tetracycline resistance harbored a large molecular weight (147 Kb) plasmid. SN - 0028-2715 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16082406/Epidemiology_of_typhoid_and_paratyphoid_fever_in_Kathmandu:_two_years_study_and_trends_of_antimicrobial_resistance_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -