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The in vitro pharmacological activities and a chemical investigation of three South African Salvia species.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Dec 01; 102(3):382-90.JE

Abstract

Salvia species (sage) are well known in folk medicine throughout the world. In South Africa sage is used against fever and digestive disorders. Three closely related South African species (Salvia stenophylla, Salvia repens and Salvia runcinata) were investigated for their anti-oxidant (DPPH assay); anti-inflammatory (5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase assays); antimalarial (tritiated hypoxanthine incorporation assay); antimicrobial (disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays) properties and toxicity profile (tetrazolium-based assay). The solvent extracts exhibited anti-oxidant, antimalarial and antibacterial and poor anti-inflammatory properties. The essential oils exhibited anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties, but displayed poor anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activity. The extract of Salviastenophylla and the essential oil of Salvia runcinata displayed the highest toxicity profile. Overall, Salvia runcinata displayed the most favorable activity of all three taxa tested with an IC(50) value of 6.09 (anti-oxidant); 29.05 (antimalarial) and 22.82 microg/ml (anti-inflammatory). Analytical procedures (GC-MS and HPLC-UV) were employed to generate chromatographic profiles for the essential oils and solvent extracts respectively. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of rosmarinic acid in all three taxa while carnosic acid was only present in Salvia repens and Salvia stenophylla. The GC-MS analysis showed that oils were qualitatively and quantitatively variable. beta-Caryophyllene was present in large amounts in all three taxa. Other components present include camphor, alpha-pinene and alpha-bisabolol. The results of the in vitro pharmacological activities provide a scientific basis to validate the use of these Salvia species in traditional medicine in South Africa.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Kamatou GP
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Viljoen AM
No affiliation info available
Gono-Bwalya AB
No affiliation info available
van Zyl RL
No affiliation info available
van Vuuren SF
No affiliation info available
Lourens AC
No affiliation info available
Başer KH
No affiliation info available
Demirci B
No affiliation info available
Lindsey KL
No affiliation info available
van Staden J
No affiliation info available
Steenkamp P
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Anti-Infective AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryOils, VolatilePlant ExtractsSalviaSouth Africa

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16099614

Citation

Kamatou, G P P., et al. "The in Vitro Pharmacological Activities and a Chemical Investigation of Three South African Salvia Species." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 102, no. 3, 2005, pp. 382-90.
Kamatou GP, Viljoen AM, Gono-Bwalya AB, et al. The in vitro pharmacological activities and a chemical investigation of three South African Salvia species. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;102(3):382-90.
Kamatou, G. P., Viljoen, A. M., Gono-Bwalya, A. B., van Zyl, R. L., van Vuuren, S. F., Lourens, A. C., Başer, K. H., Demirci, B., Lindsey, K. L., van Staden, J., & Steenkamp, P. (2005). The in vitro pharmacological activities and a chemical investigation of three South African Salvia species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102(3), 382-90.
Kamatou GP, et al. The in Vitro Pharmacological Activities and a Chemical Investigation of Three South African Salvia Species. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Dec 1;102(3):382-90. PubMed PMID: 16099614.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The in vitro pharmacological activities and a chemical investigation of three South African Salvia species. AU - Kamatou,G P P, AU - Viljoen,A M, AU - Gono-Bwalya,A B, AU - van Zyl,R L, AU - van Vuuren,S F, AU - Lourens,A C U, AU - Başer,K H C, AU - Demirci,B, AU - Lindsey,K L, AU - van Staden,J, AU - Steenkamp,P, Y1 - 2005/08/15/ PY - 2004/07/16/received PY - 2005/06/01/revised PY - 2005/06/21/accepted PY - 2005/8/16/pubmed PY - 2006/3/17/medline PY - 2005/8/16/entrez SP - 382 EP - 90 JF - Journal of ethnopharmacology JO - J Ethnopharmacol VL - 102 IS - 3 N2 - Salvia species (sage) are well known in folk medicine throughout the world. In South Africa sage is used against fever and digestive disorders. Three closely related South African species (Salvia stenophylla, Salvia repens and Salvia runcinata) were investigated for their anti-oxidant (DPPH assay); anti-inflammatory (5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase assays); antimalarial (tritiated hypoxanthine incorporation assay); antimicrobial (disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays) properties and toxicity profile (tetrazolium-based assay). The solvent extracts exhibited anti-oxidant, antimalarial and antibacterial and poor anti-inflammatory properties. The essential oils exhibited anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties, but displayed poor anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activity. The extract of Salviastenophylla and the essential oil of Salvia runcinata displayed the highest toxicity profile. Overall, Salvia runcinata displayed the most favorable activity of all three taxa tested with an IC(50) value of 6.09 (anti-oxidant); 29.05 (antimalarial) and 22.82 microg/ml (anti-inflammatory). Analytical procedures (GC-MS and HPLC-UV) were employed to generate chromatographic profiles for the essential oils and solvent extracts respectively. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of rosmarinic acid in all three taxa while carnosic acid was only present in Salvia repens and Salvia stenophylla. The GC-MS analysis showed that oils were qualitatively and quantitatively variable. beta-Caryophyllene was present in large amounts in all three taxa. Other components present include camphor, alpha-pinene and alpha-bisabolol. The results of the in vitro pharmacological activities provide a scientific basis to validate the use of these Salvia species in traditional medicine in South Africa. SN - 0378-8741 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16099614/The_in_vitro_pharmacological_activities_and_a_chemical_investigation_of_three_South_African_Salvia_species_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -