TY - JOUR T1 - Lewis X component in human milk binds DC-SIGN and inhibits HIV-1 transfer to CD4+ T lymphocytes. AU - Naarding,Marloes A, AU - Ludwig,Irene S, AU - Groot,Fedde, AU - Berkhout,Ben, AU - Geijtenbeek,Teunis B H, AU - Pollakis,Georgios, AU - Paxton,William A, Y1 - 2005/10/20/ PY - 2005/03/22/received PY - 2005/08/23/accepted PY - 2005/10/22/pubmed PY - 2006/2/4/medline PY - 2005/10/22/entrez SP - 3256 EP - 64 JF - The Journal of clinical investigation JO - J Clin Invest VL - 115 IS - 11 N2 - DC-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), which is expressed on DCs, can interact with a variety of pathogens such as HIV-1, hepatitis C, Ebola, cytomegalovirus, Dengue virus, Mycobacterium, Leishmania, and Candida albicans. We demonstrate that human milk can inhibit the DC-SIGN-mediated transfer of HIV-1 to CD4+ T lymphocytes as well as viral transfer by both immature and mature DCs. The inhibitory factor directly interacted with DC-SIGN and prevented the HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein from binding to the receptor. The human milk proteins lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, lysozyme, beta-casein, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor did not bind DC-SIGN or demonstrate inhibition of viral transfer. The inhibitory effect could be fully alleviated with an Ab recognizing the Lewis X (LeX) sugar epitope, commonly found in human milk. LeX in polymeric form or conjugated to protein could mimic the inhibitory activity, whereas free LeX sugar epitopes could not. We reveal that a LeX motif present in human milk can bind to DC-SIGN and thereby prevent the capture and subsequent transfer of HIV-1 to CD4+ T lymphocytes. The presence of such a DC-SIGN-binding molecule in human milk may both influence antigenic presentation and interfere with pathogen transfer in breastfed infants. SN - 0021-9738 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16239964/Lewis_X_component_in_human_milk_binds_DC_SIGN_and_inhibits_HIV_1_transfer_to_CD4+_T_lymphocytes_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -