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War zone stress without direct combat: the Australian naval experience of the Gulf War.
J Trauma Stress. 2005 Jun; 18(3):193-204.JT

Abstract

This study examines psychological stressors reported by Australian Navy Gulf War veterans in relation to the 1991 Gulf War and other military service. Using a 44-item questionnaire, veterans reported few direct-combat encounters during the Gulf War; however, they reported many other stressful experiences, including fear of death and perceived threat of attack, more frequently in relation to the Gulf War than other military service. Reporting of stressful experiences was associated with younger age, lower rank, and deployment at the height of the conflict. These experiences may partly explain increased rates of psychological disorders previously demonstrated in this Navy veteran population. Findings highlight the importance of documenting war experiences in close proximity to deployment, and developing war exposure instruments which include naval activities and which reflect stressors other than those related to direct combat.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Ikin JF
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. jill.ikin@med.monash.edu.au
McKenzie DP
No affiliation info available
Creamer MC
No affiliation info available
McFarlane AC
No affiliation info available
Kelsall HL
No affiliation info available
Glass DC
No affiliation info available
Forbes AB
No affiliation info available
Horsley KW
No affiliation info available
Harrex WK
No affiliation info available
Sim MR
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAge FactorsAustraliaCombat DisordersGulf WarHealth SurveysHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedNaval MedicineRisk FactorsTask Performance and AnalysisVeterans

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16281213

Citation

Ikin, Jillian F., et al. "War Zone Stress Without Direct Combat: the Australian Naval Experience of the Gulf War." Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 18, no. 3, 2005, pp. 193-204.
Ikin JF, McKenzie DP, Creamer MC, et al. War zone stress without direct combat: the Australian naval experience of the Gulf War. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(3):193-204.
Ikin, J. F., McKenzie, D. P., Creamer, M. C., McFarlane, A. C., Kelsall, H. L., Glass, D. C., Forbes, A. B., Horsley, K. W., Harrex, W. K., & Sim, M. R. (2005). War zone stress without direct combat: the Australian naval experience of the Gulf War. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(3), 193-204.
Ikin JF, et al. War Zone Stress Without Direct Combat: the Australian Naval Experience of the Gulf War. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(3):193-204. PubMed PMID: 16281213.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - War zone stress without direct combat: the Australian naval experience of the Gulf War. AU - Ikin,Jillian F, AU - McKenzie,Dean P, AU - Creamer,Mark C, AU - McFarlane,Alexander C, AU - Kelsall,Helen L, AU - Glass,Deborah C, AU - Forbes,Andrew B, AU - Horsley,Keith W A, AU - Harrex,Warren K, AU - Sim,Malcolm R, PY - 2005/11/11/pubmed PY - 2006/10/7/medline PY - 2005/11/11/entrez SP - 193 EP - 204 JF - Journal of traumatic stress JO - J Trauma Stress VL - 18 IS - 3 N2 - This study examines psychological stressors reported by Australian Navy Gulf War veterans in relation to the 1991 Gulf War and other military service. Using a 44-item questionnaire, veterans reported few direct-combat encounters during the Gulf War; however, they reported many other stressful experiences, including fear of death and perceived threat of attack, more frequently in relation to the Gulf War than other military service. Reporting of stressful experiences was associated with younger age, lower rank, and deployment at the height of the conflict. These experiences may partly explain increased rates of psychological disorders previously demonstrated in this Navy veteran population. Findings highlight the importance of documenting war experiences in close proximity to deployment, and developing war exposure instruments which include naval activities and which reflect stressors other than those related to direct combat. SN - 0894-9867 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16281213/War_zone_stress_without_direct_combat:_the_Australian_naval_experience_of_the_Gulf_War_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20028 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -