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Multiplanar cervical spine injury due to head-turned rear impact.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Feb 15; 31(4):420-9.S

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN

Head-turned whole cervical spine model was stabilized with muscle force replication and subjected to simulated rear impacts of increasing severity. Multiplanar flexibility testing evaluated any resulting injury.

OBJECTIVES

To identify and quantify cervical spine soft tissue injury and injury threshold acceleration for head-turned rear impact, and to compare these data with previously published head-forward rear and frontal impact results.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA

Epidemiologically and clinically, head-turned rear impact is associated with increased injury severity and symptom duration, as compared to forward facing. To our knowledge, no biomechanical data exist to explain this finding.

METHODS

Six human cervical spine specimens (C0-T1) with head-turned and muscle force replication were rear impacted at 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 8 g, and flexibility tests were performed before and after each impact. Soft tissue injury was defined as a significant increase (P < 0.05) in intervertebral flexibility above baseline. Injury threshold was the lowest T1 horizontal peak acceleration that caused the injury.

RESULTS

The injury threshold acceleration was 5 g with injury occurring in extension or axial rotation at C3-C4 through C7-T1, excluding C6-C7. Following 8 g, 3-plane injury occurred in extension and axial rotation at C5-C6, while 2-plane injury occurred at C7-T1.

CONCLUSIONS

Head-turned rear impact caused significantly greater injury at C0-C1 and C5-C6, as compared to head-forward rear and frontal impacts, and resulted in multiplanar injuries at C5-C6 and C7-T1.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Panjabi MM
Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA. manohar.panjabi@yale.edu
Ivancic PC
No affiliation info available
Maak TG
No affiliation info available
Tominaga Y
No affiliation info available
Rubin W
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Accidents, TrafficAgedAged, 80 and overBiomechanical PhenomenaCervical VertebraeFemaleHead MovementsHumansMaleModels, BiologicalRange of Motion, ArticularSoft Tissue InjuriesSpinal Injuries

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16481952

Citation

Panjabi, Manohar M., et al. "Multiplanar Cervical Spine Injury Due to Head-turned Rear Impact." Spine, vol. 31, no. 4, 2006, pp. 420-9.
Panjabi MM, Ivancic PC, Maak TG, et al. Multiplanar cervical spine injury due to head-turned rear impact. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(4):420-9.
Panjabi, M. M., Ivancic, P. C., Maak, T. G., Tominaga, Y., & Rubin, W. (2006). Multiplanar cervical spine injury due to head-turned rear impact. Spine, 31(4), 420-9.
Panjabi MM, et al. Multiplanar Cervical Spine Injury Due to Head-turned Rear Impact. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Feb 15;31(4):420-9. PubMed PMID: 16481952.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplanar cervical spine injury due to head-turned rear impact. AU - Panjabi,Manohar M, AU - Ivancic,Paul C, AU - Maak,Travis G, AU - Tominaga,Yasuhiro, AU - Rubin,Wolfgang, PY - 2006/2/17/pubmed PY - 2006/5/5/medline PY - 2006/2/17/entrez SP - 420 EP - 9 JF - Spine JO - Spine (Phila Pa 1976) VL - 31 IS - 4 N2 - STUDY DESIGN: Head-turned whole cervical spine model was stabilized with muscle force replication and subjected to simulated rear impacts of increasing severity. Multiplanar flexibility testing evaluated any resulting injury. OBJECTIVES: To identify and quantify cervical spine soft tissue injury and injury threshold acceleration for head-turned rear impact, and to compare these data with previously published head-forward rear and frontal impact results. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Epidemiologically and clinically, head-turned rear impact is associated with increased injury severity and symptom duration, as compared to forward facing. To our knowledge, no biomechanical data exist to explain this finding. METHODS: Six human cervical spine specimens (C0-T1) with head-turned and muscle force replication were rear impacted at 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 8 g, and flexibility tests were performed before and after each impact. Soft tissue injury was defined as a significant increase (P < 0.05) in intervertebral flexibility above baseline. Injury threshold was the lowest T1 horizontal peak acceleration that caused the injury. RESULTS: The injury threshold acceleration was 5 g with injury occurring in extension or axial rotation at C3-C4 through C7-T1, excluding C6-C7. Following 8 g, 3-plane injury occurred in extension and axial rotation at C5-C6, while 2-plane injury occurred at C7-T1. CONCLUSIONS: Head-turned rear impact caused significantly greater injury at C0-C1 and C5-C6, as compared to head-forward rear and frontal impacts, and resulted in multiplanar injuries at C5-C6 and C7-T1. SN - 1528-1159 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16481952/Multiplanar_cervical_spine_injury_due_to_head_turned_rear_impact_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -