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The Gurnham equation in characterizing the compressibility of pharmaceutical materials.
Int J Pharm. 2006 Jul 24; 317(2):109-13.IJ

Abstract

Limitations of the Heckel equation in characterizing material compression behavior have been well reported. In this work, the Gurnham equation, which was first introduced in chemical engineering, is proposed as an alternate method of evaluating the compressibility of pharmaceutical powders. The Gurnham equation was adapted for tablet compression and the estimated slope parameter c was proposed to represent material compressibility. Data from the compression of four commonly used excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate) and one drug (acetaminophen) were evaluated using the Gurnham equation. Using compression data at different peak pressures, linear relationships between porosity and lnPressure of the five materials were obtained. The determined parameter c expresses the compressibility of materials. The analysis of previous experimental data, including granulations, mixtures and co-processed materials also indicates that c might be a representative parameter for material compressibility.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Zhao J
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2146 East Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3. jzhao_98@hotmail.com
Burt HM
No affiliation info available
Miller RA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AcetaminophenAlgorithmsCalcium PhosphatesCelluloseChemistry, PharmaceuticalCompressive StrengthDrug CompoundingExcipientsLactosePharmaceutical PreparationsPorosityPowdersPressureStarchTablets

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16678985

Citation

Zhao, J, et al. "The Gurnham Equation in Characterizing the Compressibility of Pharmaceutical Materials." International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 317, no. 2, 2006, pp. 109-13.
Zhao J, Burt HM, Miller RA. The Gurnham equation in characterizing the compressibility of pharmaceutical materials. Int J Pharm. 2006;317(2):109-13.
Zhao, J., Burt, H. M., & Miller, R. A. (2006). The Gurnham equation in characterizing the compressibility of pharmaceutical materials. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 317(2), 109-13.
Zhao J, Burt HM, Miller RA. The Gurnham Equation in Characterizing the Compressibility of Pharmaceutical Materials. Int J Pharm. 2006 Jul 24;317(2):109-13. PubMed PMID: 16678985.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The Gurnham equation in characterizing the compressibility of pharmaceutical materials. AU - Zhao,J, AU - Burt,H M, AU - Miller,R A, Y1 - 2006/03/12/ PY - 2005/04/28/received PY - 2005/12/08/revised PY - 2006/02/22/accepted PY - 2006/5/9/pubmed PY - 2006/9/30/medline PY - 2006/5/9/entrez SP - 109 EP - 13 JF - International journal of pharmaceutics JO - Int J Pharm VL - 317 IS - 2 N2 - Limitations of the Heckel equation in characterizing material compression behavior have been well reported. In this work, the Gurnham equation, which was first introduced in chemical engineering, is proposed as an alternate method of evaluating the compressibility of pharmaceutical powders. The Gurnham equation was adapted for tablet compression and the estimated slope parameter c was proposed to represent material compressibility. Data from the compression of four commonly used excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate) and one drug (acetaminophen) were evaluated using the Gurnham equation. Using compression data at different peak pressures, linear relationships between porosity and lnPressure of the five materials were obtained. The determined parameter c expresses the compressibility of materials. The analysis of previous experimental data, including granulations, mixtures and co-processed materials also indicates that c might be a representative parameter for material compressibility. SN - 0378-5173 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16678985/The_Gurnham_equation_in_characterizing_the_compressibility_of_pharmaceutical_materials_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -