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Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19CD

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Neuraminidase inhibitors (NI) are recommended for use against influenza and its complications in interpandemic years and in a pandemic.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the effects of NIs in preventing or ameliorating influenza, its transmission and its complications in healthy adults and to estimate the frequency of adverse effects.

SEARCH STRATEGY

We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (2004 to September, Week 4 2005), EMBASE (2003 to June 2005) and contacted manufacturers, researchers in the field, and authors of studies evaluated in the review.

SELECTION CRITERIA

Randomised or quasi-randomised placebo-controlled studies of NIs in healthy adults exposed to naturally occurring influenza.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Two authors applied inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We structured the comparisons into prophylaxis, treatment and adverse events with further subdivision by outcome and dose.

MAIN RESULTS

We identified four prophylaxis, 13 treatment and four post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) trials. In prophylaxis compared to placebo, NIs have no effect against influenza-like illnesses (ILI) (relative risk (RR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 3.66 for oral oseltamivir 75 mg daily; RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.95 for inhaled zanamivir 10 mg daily). The efficacy of oral oseltamivir 75 mg daily against symptomatic influenza is 61% (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.85), or 73% (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.67) at 150 mg daily. Inhaled zanamivir 10 mg daily is 62% efficacious (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.85). Neither NI has a significant effect on asymptomatic influenza. Oseltamivir induces nausea (odds ratio (OR) 1.79, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.93). Oseltamivir for PEP has an efficacy of 58.5% (15.6% to 79.6) for households and of 68% (34.9 to 84.2%) to 89% in contacts of index cases. Zanamivir has similar performance. The hazard ratios for time to alleviation of influenza symptoms were in favour of the treated group 1.33 (1.29 to 1.37) for zanamivir and 1.30 (1.13 to 1.50) for oseltamivir. Viral nasal titres were significantly diminished by both NIs. Oseltamivir 150 mg daily prevented lower respiratory tract complications (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.57). We could find no comparative data on the effects of oseltamivir on avian influenza.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS

Because of their low effectiveness, NIs should not be used in routine seasonal influenza control. In a serious epidemic or pandemic, NIs should be used with other public health measures. We are unsure of the generalisability of our conclusions from seasonal to pandemic or avian influenza.

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Publisher Full Text

Authors

Jefferson TO
No affiliation info available
Demicheli V
No affiliation info available
Di Pietrantonj C
No affiliation info available
Jones M
No affiliation info available
Rivetti D
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AcetamidesAminesAntiviral AgentsEnzyme InhibitorsGuanidinesHumansInfluenza, HumanNeuraminidaseOseltamivirPyransSialic AcidsZanamivir

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review
Systematic Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16855962

Citation

Jefferson, T O., et al. "Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Preventing and Treating Influenza in Healthy Adults." The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006, p. CD001265.
Jefferson TO, Demicheli V, Di Pietrantonj C, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006.
Jefferson, T. O., Demicheli, V., Di Pietrantonj, C., Jones, M., & Rivetti, D. (2006). Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD001265.
Jefferson TO, et al. Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Preventing and Treating Influenza in Healthy Adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3)CD001265. PubMed PMID: 16855962.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults. AU - Jefferson,T O, AU - Demicheli,V, AU - Di Pietrantonj,C, AU - Jones,M, AU - Rivetti,D, Y1 - 2006/07/19/ PY - 2006/7/21/pubmed PY - 2006/10/17/medline PY - 2006/7/21/entrez SP - CD001265 EP - CD001265 JF - The Cochrane database of systematic reviews JO - Cochrane Database Syst Rev IS - 3 N2 - BACKGROUND: Neuraminidase inhibitors (NI) are recommended for use against influenza and its complications in interpandemic years and in a pandemic. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of NIs in preventing or ameliorating influenza, its transmission and its complications in healthy adults and to estimate the frequency of adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (2004 to September, Week 4 2005), EMBASE (2003 to June 2005) and contacted manufacturers, researchers in the field, and authors of studies evaluated in the review. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised placebo-controlled studies of NIs in healthy adults exposed to naturally occurring influenza. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors applied inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We structured the comparisons into prophylaxis, treatment and adverse events with further subdivision by outcome and dose. MAIN RESULTS: We identified four prophylaxis, 13 treatment and four post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) trials. In prophylaxis compared to placebo, NIs have no effect against influenza-like illnesses (ILI) (relative risk (RR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 3.66 for oral oseltamivir 75 mg daily; RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.95 for inhaled zanamivir 10 mg daily). The efficacy of oral oseltamivir 75 mg daily against symptomatic influenza is 61% (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.85), or 73% (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.67) at 150 mg daily. Inhaled zanamivir 10 mg daily is 62% efficacious (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.85). Neither NI has a significant effect on asymptomatic influenza. Oseltamivir induces nausea (odds ratio (OR) 1.79, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.93). Oseltamivir for PEP has an efficacy of 58.5% (15.6% to 79.6) for households and of 68% (34.9 to 84.2%) to 89% in contacts of index cases. Zanamivir has similar performance. The hazard ratios for time to alleviation of influenza symptoms were in favour of the treated group 1.33 (1.29 to 1.37) for zanamivir and 1.30 (1.13 to 1.50) for oseltamivir. Viral nasal titres were significantly diminished by both NIs. Oseltamivir 150 mg daily prevented lower respiratory tract complications (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.57). We could find no comparative data on the effects of oseltamivir on avian influenza. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Because of their low effectiveness, NIs should not be used in routine seasonal influenza control. In a serious epidemic or pandemic, NIs should be used with other public health measures. We are unsure of the generalisability of our conclusions from seasonal to pandemic or avian influenza. SN - 1469-493X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16855962/Neuraminidase_inhibitors_for_preventing_and_treating_influenza_in_healthy_adults_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001265.pub2 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -