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Stabilizing effect of precontracted neck musculature in whiplash.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Sep 15; 31(20):E733-8.S

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN

This study investigated the effect of neck muscle precontraction in aware occupants in whiplash. Head angulation relative to T1 and facet joint capsular ligament distractions were compared between aware and unaware occupants.

OBJECTIVE

To quantify changes in facet joint capsular ligament distractions between aware occupants with precontracted neck muscles and unaware occupants with reflex muscle contraction.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA

Clinical studies have reported that patients aware of the impending impact had decreased symptom intensity and faster recovery after whiplash. To date, no study has investigated the effects of precontracted neck musculature on localized spinal soft tissue distortions in whiplash.

METHODS

Aware occupants with precontracted neck muscles and unaware occupants with reflex muscle contraction in whiplash were simulated using a validated computational model. Muscle contraction attained maximum levels before impact in the aware occupant and implemented reflex delay, electromechanical delay, and finite muscle rise time in the unaware occupant.

RESULTS

Precontraction of neck muscles in aware occupants resulted in 63% decreased maximum head angles, elimination of cervical S-curvature, and up to 75% decrease in maximum facet joint capsular ligament distractions.

CONCLUSIONS

Occupants aware of an impending whiplash impact with precontracted neck muscles can markedly reduce overall head-neck and spinal motions. It is our theory that this would reduce whiplash injury likelihood.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Stemper BD
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. stemps@mcw.edu
Yoganandan N
No affiliation info available
Cusick JF
No affiliation info available
Pintar FA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Accidents, TrafficAwarenessBiomechanical PhenomenaCervical VertebraeComputer SimulationHeadHumansJoint InstabilityModels, BiologicalMuscle ContractionMuscle, SkeletalNeckReflex, StretchWhiplash Injuries

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16985440

Citation

Stemper, Brian D., et al. "Stabilizing Effect of Precontracted Neck Musculature in Whiplash." Spine, vol. 31, no. 20, 2006, pp. E733-8.
Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Cusick JF, et al. Stabilizing effect of precontracted neck musculature in whiplash. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(20):E733-8.
Stemper, B. D., Yoganandan, N., Cusick, J. F., & Pintar, F. A. (2006). Stabilizing effect of precontracted neck musculature in whiplash. Spine, 31(20), E733-8.
Stemper BD, et al. Stabilizing Effect of Precontracted Neck Musculature in Whiplash. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Sep 15;31(20):E733-8. PubMed PMID: 16985440.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Stabilizing effect of precontracted neck musculature in whiplash. AU - Stemper,Brian D, AU - Yoganandan,Narayan, AU - Cusick,Joseph F, AU - Pintar,Frank A, PY - 2006/9/21/pubmed PY - 2006/10/20/medline PY - 2006/9/21/entrez SP - E733 EP - 8 JF - Spine JO - Spine (Phila Pa 1976) VL - 31 IS - 20 N2 - STUDY DESIGN: This study investigated the effect of neck muscle precontraction in aware occupants in whiplash. Head angulation relative to T1 and facet joint capsular ligament distractions were compared between aware and unaware occupants. OBJECTIVE: To quantify changes in facet joint capsular ligament distractions between aware occupants with precontracted neck muscles and unaware occupants with reflex muscle contraction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Clinical studies have reported that patients aware of the impending impact had decreased symptom intensity and faster recovery after whiplash. To date, no study has investigated the effects of precontracted neck musculature on localized spinal soft tissue distortions in whiplash. METHODS: Aware occupants with precontracted neck muscles and unaware occupants with reflex muscle contraction in whiplash were simulated using a validated computational model. Muscle contraction attained maximum levels before impact in the aware occupant and implemented reflex delay, electromechanical delay, and finite muscle rise time in the unaware occupant. RESULTS: Precontraction of neck muscles in aware occupants resulted in 63% decreased maximum head angles, elimination of cervical S-curvature, and up to 75% decrease in maximum facet joint capsular ligament distractions. CONCLUSIONS: Occupants aware of an impending whiplash impact with precontracted neck muscles can markedly reduce overall head-neck and spinal motions. It is our theory that this would reduce whiplash injury likelihood. SN - 1528-1159 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16985440/Stabilizing_effect_of_precontracted_neck_musculature_in_whiplash_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000240210.23617.e7 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -