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Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naive 5-8-year-old children.
J Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 15; 194(8):1032-9.JI

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Two doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) are recommended for children <9 years old receiving vaccine for the first time, but compliance is suboptimal. This study assessed the need for a second dose of TIV in this age group.

METHODS

In this prospective, open-label study, 232 influenza vaccine-naive 5-8-year-olds enrolled in a health maintenance organization received 2 doses of TIV in fall 2004. Serum for antibody titer measurement was obtained at 3 time points (n = 222). Parents completed diaries for 5 days.

RESULTS

Both doses of vaccine were well tolerated. The strongest predictor of a protective antibody response (> or =1 : 40) after 1 dose of TIV was baseline seropositive status. In multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, and baseline serostatus, the proportion of children with protective antibody responses was significantly higher after 2 doses than after 1 dose of TIV for each antigen (P < .001, for A/H1N1; P = .01, for A/H3N2; P < .001, for B). Age and sex were not independently predictive of a protective antibody response. Over one-third of children had antibody responses <1:40 for the type B vaccine component, even after 2 doses.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study supports the need for 2 doses of TIV in 5-8-year-olds receiving TIV for the first time. Efforts to increase compliance with the 2-dose recommendation are warranted.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Neuzil KM
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, WA 98107, USA. kneuzil@path.org
Jackson LA
No affiliation info available
Nelson J
No affiliation info available
Klimov A
No affiliation info available
Cox N
No affiliation info available
Bridges CB
No affiliation info available
Dunn J
No affiliation info available
DeStefano F
No affiliation info available
Shay D
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Antibodies, ViralChildDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleHemagglutination Inhibition TestsHumansImmunization ScheduleInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza A virusInfluenza VaccinesInfluenza, HumanInjections, IntramuscularMalePatient ComplianceProspective StudiesVaccinationVaccines, InactivatedWashington

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

16991077

Clinical Trial Links

A Comparison of One Versus Two Doses of Influenza Vaccine in Children 5-8 Years of Age

Citation

Neuzil, Kathleen M., et al. "Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 1 Versus 2 Doses of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Vaccine-naive 5-8-year-old Children." The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 194, no. 8, 2006, pp. 1032-9.
Neuzil KM, Jackson LA, Nelson J, et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naive 5-8-year-old children. J Infect Dis. 2006;194(8):1032-9.
Neuzil, K. M., Jackson, L. A., Nelson, J., Klimov, A., Cox, N., Bridges, C. B., Dunn, J., DeStefano, F., & Shay, D. (2006). Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naive 5-8-year-old children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 194(8), 1032-9.
Neuzil KM, et al. Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 1 Versus 2 Doses of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Vaccine-naive 5-8-year-old Children. J Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 15;194(8):1032-9. PubMed PMID: 16991077.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naive 5-8-year-old children. AU - Neuzil,Kathleen M, AU - Jackson,Lisa A, AU - Nelson,Jennifer, AU - Klimov,Alexander, AU - Cox,Nancy, AU - Bridges,Carolyn B, AU - Dunn,John, AU - DeStefano,Frank, AU - Shay,David, Y1 - 2006/09/11/ PY - 2006/02/27/received PY - 2006/05/03/accepted PY - 2006/9/23/pubmed PY - 2006/11/15/medline PY - 2006/9/23/entrez SP - 1032 EP - 9 JF - The Journal of infectious diseases JO - J Infect Dis VL - 194 IS - 8 N2 - BACKGROUND: Two doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) are recommended for children <9 years old receiving vaccine for the first time, but compliance is suboptimal. This study assessed the need for a second dose of TIV in this age group. METHODS: In this prospective, open-label study, 232 influenza vaccine-naive 5-8-year-olds enrolled in a health maintenance organization received 2 doses of TIV in fall 2004. Serum for antibody titer measurement was obtained at 3 time points (n = 222). Parents completed diaries for 5 days. RESULTS: Both doses of vaccine were well tolerated. The strongest predictor of a protective antibody response (> or =1 : 40) after 1 dose of TIV was baseline seropositive status. In multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, and baseline serostatus, the proportion of children with protective antibody responses was significantly higher after 2 doses than after 1 dose of TIV for each antigen (P < .001, for A/H1N1; P = .01, for A/H3N2; P < .001, for B). Age and sex were not independently predictive of a protective antibody response. Over one-third of children had antibody responses <1:40 for the type B vaccine component, even after 2 doses. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the need for 2 doses of TIV in 5-8-year-olds receiving TIV for the first time. Efforts to increase compliance with the 2-dose recommendation are warranted. SN - 0022-1899 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16991077/Immunogenicity_and_reactogenicity_of_1_versus_2_doses_of_trivalent_inactivated_influenza_vaccine_in_vaccine_naive_5_8_year_old_children_ L2 - https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-lookup/doi/10.1086/507309 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -