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Blood-injection-injury fears: harm- vs. disgust-relevant selective outcome associations.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007 Sep; 38(3):263-74.JB

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia is qualitatively different from the other specific phobias in the sense that phobic distress takes the form of disgust rather than (threat-induced) fear. Following this, we tested the relative importance of harm and disgust-related associative biases in BII-fear. High (n=25) and low (n=27) fearful individuals saw a series of fear-relevant (blood-related) and fear-irrelevant (rabbit and flower) slides which were randomly paired with either a harm-related outcome, a disgust-related outcome, or nothing. Preexperimentally, participants expected blood-related slides to be followed by both disgust- and harm-relevant outcomes. These selective preexperimental outcome expectancies were readily corrected during the experiment. Neither low nor high fearful participants showed a postexperimental covariation bias. The absence of differential effects between high and low fearful participants does not support the idea that disgust- or harm-relevant associative biases play a role in the maintenance of BII-fears. The results corroborate the previous finding of Pury and Mineka [1997. Covariation bias for blood-injury stimuli and aversive outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 35-47] that people are generally liable to selectively associate BII-stimuli with aversive outcomes.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

de Jong PJ
Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 1/2, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands. p.j.de.jong@rug.nl
Peters ML
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAssociationAttitudeBiasBloodEmotionsFearFemaleHumansIllusionsInjectionsModels, PsychologicalPhobic DisordersPhotic StimulationSurveys and QuestionnairesVisual PerceptionWounds and Injuries

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

17123465

Citation

de Jong, Peter J., and Madelon L. Peters. "Blood-injection-injury Fears: Harm- Vs. Disgust-relevant Selective Outcome Associations." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 38, no. 3, 2007, pp. 263-74.
de Jong PJ, Peters ML. Blood-injection-injury fears: harm- vs. disgust-relevant selective outcome associations. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007;38(3):263-74.
de Jong, P. J., & Peters, M. L. (2007). Blood-injection-injury fears: harm- vs. disgust-relevant selective outcome associations. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(3), 263-74.
de Jong PJ, Peters ML. Blood-injection-injury Fears: Harm- Vs. Disgust-relevant Selective Outcome Associations. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007;38(3):263-74. PubMed PMID: 17123465.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Blood-injection-injury fears: harm- vs. disgust-relevant selective outcome associations. AU - de Jong,Peter J, AU - Peters,Madelon L, Y1 - 2006/11/22/ PY - 2006/11/25/pubmed PY - 2007/10/20/medline PY - 2006/11/25/entrez SP - 263 EP - 74 JF - Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry JO - J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry VL - 38 IS - 3 N2 - There is increasing evidence that blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia is qualitatively different from the other specific phobias in the sense that phobic distress takes the form of disgust rather than (threat-induced) fear. Following this, we tested the relative importance of harm and disgust-related associative biases in BII-fear. High (n=25) and low (n=27) fearful individuals saw a series of fear-relevant (blood-related) and fear-irrelevant (rabbit and flower) slides which were randomly paired with either a harm-related outcome, a disgust-related outcome, or nothing. Preexperimentally, participants expected blood-related slides to be followed by both disgust- and harm-relevant outcomes. These selective preexperimental outcome expectancies were readily corrected during the experiment. Neither low nor high fearful participants showed a postexperimental covariation bias. The absence of differential effects between high and low fearful participants does not support the idea that disgust- or harm-relevant associative biases play a role in the maintenance of BII-fears. The results corroborate the previous finding of Pury and Mineka [1997. Covariation bias for blood-injury stimuli and aversive outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 35-47] that people are generally liable to selectively associate BII-stimuli with aversive outcomes. SN - 0005-7916 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/17123465/Blood_injection_injury_fears:_harm__vs__disgust_relevant_selective_outcome_associations_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0005-7916(06)00060-7 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -