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Determination of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) by ICP-OES and their speciation in Algerian Mediterranean Sea sediments after a five-stage sequential extraction procedure.
Environ Monit Assess. 2007 Dec; 135(1-3):265-80.EM

Abstract

Surface sediment samples (n = 18) were collected from the Algerian Mediterranean coasts and analyzed for seven metals using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry in order to asses the distribution and bioavailability of metals and to study the anthropogenic factors affecting their concentrations. Sediment samples were size-fractionated into three sizes: 1,080-500 (coarse), 500-250 (medium), and <250 mm (fine). Bulk sediments were subjected to both sequential extraction and total digestion to evaluate the reliability of the sequential extraction procedure (SEP), while the fractions have been only sequentially extracted for metals speciation. The metals were sequentially extracted into five phases namely exchangeable (P1), carbonates (P2), Fe-Mn oxides (P3), organic (P4) and residual (P5). Metal recoveries in sequential extractions were +/-20% of the independently measured total metal concentrations; the high recovery rates indicate the good reliability of the SEP used in this study. Correlation coefficients indicated that the grain size has an effect on the distribution of metals in the investigated samples. The order of metal levels in the fractions was medium > fine > coarse for all the metals. The average total extractable metal concentrations for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 1.1, 8.8, 4.7, 1,291.3, 13.9, 5.7 and 20.4 mug/g, respectively. The northeastern shelf had the lowest metal levels while the highest were in northwestern part mainly due to the significant tourism activities in the northwestern part. Comparison of our results to Earth's crust values and to previous studies points out that our samples were relatively unpolluted with respect to the heavy metals investigated; most of the metals are not from anthropogenic sources. Enrichment factors as the criteria for examining the impact of the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals were calculated, and it was observed that the investigated samples were not contaminated with Cr, Cu, and Fe, moderately contaminated with Ni, Pb, and Cd, and contaminated with Cd in some sites. The P5 phase had the highest percents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Cadmium and lead were predominant in the P4 phase, while Cu, Fe and Zn were distributed in the order P5 > P3 > P4 > P2 > P1. The following order of bioavailability was found with the heavy metals Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu > Fe.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Alomary AA
Department of Chemistry, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. ahmedalomary1000@hotmail.com
Belhadj S
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AlgeriaEnvironmental MonitoringGeologic SedimentsIndustrial WasteMediterranean SeaMetals, HeavySoil PollutantsSpectrophotometry, AtomicWater Pollutants, Chemical

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

17342430

Citation

Alomary, Ahmed A., and Soraya Belhadj. "Determination of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) By ICP-OES and Their Speciation in Algerian Mediterranean Sea Sediments After a Five-stage Sequential Extraction Procedure." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 135, no. 1-3, 2007, pp. 265-80.
Alomary AA, Belhadj S. Determination of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) by ICP-OES and their speciation in Algerian Mediterranean Sea sediments after a five-stage sequential extraction procedure. Environ Monit Assess. 2007;135(1-3):265-80.
Alomary, A. A., & Belhadj, S. (2007). Determination of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) by ICP-OES and their speciation in Algerian Mediterranean Sea sediments after a five-stage sequential extraction procedure. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 135(1-3), 265-80.
Alomary AA, Belhadj S. Determination of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) By ICP-OES and Their Speciation in Algerian Mediterranean Sea Sediments After a Five-stage Sequential Extraction Procedure. Environ Monit Assess. 2007;135(1-3):265-80. PubMed PMID: 17342430.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) by ICP-OES and their speciation in Algerian Mediterranean Sea sediments after a five-stage sequential extraction procedure. AU - Alomary,Ahmed A, AU - Belhadj,Soraya, Y1 - 2007/03/07/ PY - 2006/10/08/received PY - 2007/01/24/accepted PY - 2007/3/8/pubmed PY - 2008/3/15/medline PY - 2007/3/8/entrez SP - 265 EP - 80 JF - Environmental monitoring and assessment JO - Environ Monit Assess VL - 135 IS - 1-3 N2 - Surface sediment samples (n = 18) were collected from the Algerian Mediterranean coasts and analyzed for seven metals using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry in order to asses the distribution and bioavailability of metals and to study the anthropogenic factors affecting their concentrations. Sediment samples were size-fractionated into three sizes: 1,080-500 (coarse), 500-250 (medium), and <250 mm (fine). Bulk sediments were subjected to both sequential extraction and total digestion to evaluate the reliability of the sequential extraction procedure (SEP), while the fractions have been only sequentially extracted for metals speciation. The metals were sequentially extracted into five phases namely exchangeable (P1), carbonates (P2), Fe-Mn oxides (P3), organic (P4) and residual (P5). Metal recoveries in sequential extractions were +/-20% of the independently measured total metal concentrations; the high recovery rates indicate the good reliability of the SEP used in this study. Correlation coefficients indicated that the grain size has an effect on the distribution of metals in the investigated samples. The order of metal levels in the fractions was medium > fine > coarse for all the metals. The average total extractable metal concentrations for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 1.1, 8.8, 4.7, 1,291.3, 13.9, 5.7 and 20.4 mug/g, respectively. The northeastern shelf had the lowest metal levels while the highest were in northwestern part mainly due to the significant tourism activities in the northwestern part. Comparison of our results to Earth's crust values and to previous studies points out that our samples were relatively unpolluted with respect to the heavy metals investigated; most of the metals are not from anthropogenic sources. Enrichment factors as the criteria for examining the impact of the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals were calculated, and it was observed that the investigated samples were not contaminated with Cr, Cu, and Fe, moderately contaminated with Ni, Pb, and Cd, and contaminated with Cd in some sites. The P5 phase had the highest percents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Cadmium and lead were predominant in the P4 phase, while Cu, Fe and Zn were distributed in the order P5 > P3 > P4 > P2 > P1. The following order of bioavailability was found with the heavy metals Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu > Fe. SN - 0167-6369 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/17342430/Determination_of_heavy_metals__Cd_Cr_Cu_Fe_Ni_Pb_Zn__by_ICP_OES_and_their_speciation_in_Algerian_Mediterranean_Sea_sediments_after_a_five_stage_sequential_extraction_procedure_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9648-8 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -